如何在 Django 中获取用户 IP 地址?
- 2025-01-06 08:31:00
- admin 原创
- 101
问题描述:
如何在 Django 中获取用户的 IP?
我有这样的观点:
# Create your views
from django.contrib.gis.utils import GeoIP
from django.template import RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def home(request):
g = GeoIP()
client_ip = request.META['REMOTE_ADDR']
lat,long = g.lat_lon(client_ip)
return render_to_response('home_page_tmp.html',locals())
但是我收到此错误:
KeyError at /mypage/
'REMOTE_ADDR'
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://mywebsite.example/mypage/
Django Version: 1.2.4
Exception Type: KeyError
Exception Value:
'REMOTE_ADDR'
Exception Location: /mysite/homepage/views.py in home, line 9
Python Executable: /usr/bin/python
Python Version: 2.6.6
Python Path: ['/mysite', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/flup-1.0.2-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6', '/usr/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6']
Server time: Sun, 2 Jan 2011 20:42:50 -0600
解决方案 1:
def get_client_ip(request):
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
else:
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
return ip
确保您已正确配置反向代理(如果有)(例如mod_rpaf
为 Apache 安装)。
注意:上面使用了中的第一个项目X-Forwarded-For
,但你可能想要使用最后一个项目(例如,在 Heroku 的情况下:在 Heroku 上获取客户端的真实 IP 地址)
然后只需将请求作为参数传递给它;
get_client_ip(request)
HttpRequest.META 的 Django 文档
解决方案 2:
您可以使用支持 Python 2和3并处理IPv4和IPv6的 django-ipware。
安装:
pip install django-ipware
简单用法:
# In a view or a middleware where the `request` object is available
from ipware import get_client_ip
ip, is_routable = get_client_ip(request)
if ip is None:
# Unable to get the client's IP address
else:
# We got the client's IP address
if is_routable:
# The client's IP address is publicly routable on the Internet
else:
# The client's IP address is private
# Order of precedence is (Public, Private, Loopback, None)
高级用法:
自定义标头-ipware 要查看的自定义请求标头:
i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR'])
i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'REMOTE_ADDR'])
代理计数-Django 服务器有固定数量的代理:
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_count=1)
受信任的代理-Django 服务器位于一个或多个已知且受信任的代理后面:
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2'))
# For multiple proxies, simply add them to the list
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2', '177.3.3.3'))
# For proxies with fixed sub-domain and dynamic IP addresses, use partial pattern
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.', '177.3.'))
注意:请阅读此通知。
解决方案 3:
亚历山大的回答很棒,但缺乏对代理的处理,代理有时会在 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR 标头中返回多个 IP。
真实 IP 通常位于列表末尾,如下所述:http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
解决方案是对 Alexander 的代码进行简单修改:
def get_client_ip(request):
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[-1].strip()
else:
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
return ip
解决方案 4:
不再困惑在 Django 的最新版本中明确提到,客户端的 IP 地址可在
request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR")
更多信息请查看Django 文档
解决方案 5:
我想建议改进 yanchenko 的回答。
我没有采用 X_FORWARDED_FOR 列表中的第一个 IP,而是采用了第一个未知的内部 IP,因为有些路由器不遵守协议,您可以将内部 IP 视为列表的第一个值。
PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX = ('10.', '172.', '192.', )
def get_client_ip(request):
"""get the client ip from the request
"""
remote_address = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
# set the default value of the ip to be the REMOTE_ADDR if available
# else None
ip = remote_address
# try to get the first non-proxy ip (not a private ip) from the
# HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
proxies = x_forwarded_for.split(',')
# remove the private ips from the beginning
while (len(proxies) > 0 and
proxies[0].startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX)):
proxies.pop(0)
# take the first ip which is not a private one (of a proxy)
if len(proxies) > 0:
ip = proxies[0]
return ip
我希望这能帮助遇到同样问题的 Google 同事。
解决方案 6:
这里有一个简短的一行代码来实现这一点:
request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', '')).split(',')[0].strip()
解决方案 7:
就我而言,以上方法均不起作用,因此我必须检查uwsgi
+django
源代码并在 nginx 中传递静态参数,看看为什么/如何,下面是我发现的。
环境信息:
python版本:2.7.5
Django版本:(1, 6, 6, 'final', 0)
nginx版本:nginx/1.6.0
uwsgi:2.0.7
环境设置信息:
nginx 作为反向代理,在端口80
uwsgi 上监听上游 unix 套接字,最终将响应请求
Django配置信息:
USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST = True # with or without this line does not matter
nginx配置:
uwsgi_param X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
// uwsgi_param X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
// uwsgi_param HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
// hardcode for testing
uwsgi_param X-Forwarded-For "10.10.10.10";
uwsgi_param HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR "20.20.20.20";
获取 django 应用程序中的所有参数:
X-Forwarded-For : 10.10.10.10
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR : 20.20.20.20
结论:
所以基本上,您必须在 nginx 中指定完全相同的字段/参数名称,并request.META[field/param]
在 django 应用程序中使用。
现在您可以决定是否添加中间件(拦截器)或仅HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
在某些视图中进行解析。
解决方案 8:
最简单的解决方案(如果您使用 fastcgi+nignx)是 itgorilla 评论的:
感谢您提出这个很棒的问题。我的 fastcgi 没有传递 REMOTE_ADDR 元键。我在 nginx.conf 中添加了以下行并修复了问题:fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; – itgorilla
附言:我添加这个答案只是为了使他的解决方案更加明显。
解决方案 9:
最初从 Django 中删除该功能的原因是标头最终无法信任。原因是它很容易被欺骗。例如,配置 Nginx 反向代理的推荐方法是:
add_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
add_header X-Real-Ip $remote_addr;
当你这样做时:
curl -H 'X-Forwarded-For: 8.8.8.8, 192.168.1.2' http://192.168.1.3/
你的 Nginxmyhost.example
将发送:
X-Forwarded-For: 8.8.8.8, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3
X-Real-IP
如果您盲目地按照说明操作,则将是第一个先前代理的 IP 。
如果信任你的用户是一个问题,你可以尝试以下方法django-xff
: https: //pypi.python.org/pypi/django-xff/
解决方案 10:
我在上面的回答中也缺少代理。我使用get_ip_address_from_request
了django_easy_timezones。
from easy_timezones.utils import get_ip_address_from_request, is_valid_ip, is_local_ip
ip = get_ip_address_from_request(request)
try:
if is_valid_ip(ip):
geoip_record = IpRange.objects.by_ip(ip)
except IpRange.DoesNotExist:
return None
这里是方法get_ip_address_from_request
,IPv4 和 IPv6 已准备好:
def get_ip_address_from_request(request):
""" Makes the best attempt to get the client's real IP or return the loopback """
PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX = ('10.', '172.', '192.', '127.')
ip_address = ''
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', '')
if x_forwarded_for and ',' not in x_forwarded_for:
if not x_forwarded_for.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(x_forwarded_for):
ip_address = x_forwarded_for.strip()
else:
ips = [ip.strip() for ip in x_forwarded_for.split(',')]
for ip in ips:
if ip.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX):
continue
elif not is_valid_ip(ip):
continue
else:
ip_address = ip
break
if not ip_address:
x_real_ip = request.META.get('HTTP_X_REAL_IP', '')
if x_real_ip:
if not x_real_ip.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(x_real_ip):
ip_address = x_real_ip.strip()
if not ip_address:
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', '')
if remote_addr:
if not remote_addr.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(remote_addr):
ip_address = remote_addr.strip()
if not ip_address:
ip_address = '127.0.0.1'
return ip_address
解决方案 11:
在 django.VERSION (2, 1, 1, 'final', 0) 请求处理程序中
sock=request._stream.stream.raw._sock
#<socket.socket fd=1236, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('192.168.1.111', 8000), raddr=('192.168.1.111', 64725)>
client_ip,port=sock.getpeername()
如果你调用上述代码两次,你可能会得到
AttributeError(“'_io.BytesIO' 对象没有属性 'stream'”,)
AttributeError(“'LimitedStream' 对象没有属性 'raw'”)
解决方案 12:
只需添加
{{ request.META.REMOTE_ADDR }}
在 Django-Template 中,您希望用户看到他们的 IP 地址。如果您不想将其保存到数据库中。
解决方案 13:
使用此函数获取 ip 地址:
def get_ip_address(request):
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
else:
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
return ip
之后,您可以从该网络应用程序http://www.iplocinfo.com/获取用户位置数据和其他信息:
import requests
def get_ip_data(request):
ip_address = get_ip_address(request)
api_key = "your api key"
endPoint = f'https://www.iplocinfo.com/api/v1/{ip_address}?apiKey={api_key}'
data = requests.get(endPoint)
return data.json()
解决方案 14:
在 manage.py 所在的文件夹中,我创建了一个名为 getIP 的文件,其中包含以下代码:
import socket
def getip():
hostname = socket.gethostname()
ipddr = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
print("HOSTNAME:"+hostname)
print("IP:"+ipddr)
return f'{ipddr}'
在 manage.py 中我做了以下修改(Python 3.9 和 Django 4.2.7):
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
import os
import sys
from getIP import getip
from django.core.management.commands.runserver import Command as Crs
def main():
"""Run administrative tasks."""
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'MyApp.settings')
try:
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
Crs.default_addr = getip()
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
"forget to activate a virtual environment?"
) from exc
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
在 Windows 提示符命令中输出为:
(venv) C:MyProjectMyApp>python manage.py runserver
HOSTNAME:DESKTOP-xxxxxx
IP:192.168.XX.XX
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
December 08, 2023 - 10:26:31
Django version 4.2.7, using settings 'MyApp.settings'
Starting development server at http://192.168.XX.XX:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
解决方案 15:
获取 IP 地址后,你需要找到位置
# pip install geocoder
import geocoder
def get_client_ip(request):
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
ip_location = geocoder.ip(f"{ip}")
ip_location = geocoder.ip("me")
print(ip_location.city)
# you can get city such as "New York"
else:
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
return ip