以可移植数据格式保存/加载 scipy sparse csr_matrix
- 2025-04-01 09:56:00
- admin 原创
- 19
问题描述:
如何以可移植格式保存/加载 scipy 稀疏矩阵csr_matrix
?scipy 稀疏矩阵是在 Python 3(Windows 64 位)上创建的,以便在 Python 2(Linux 64 位)上运行。最初,我使用了 pickle(使用 protocol=2 和 fix_imports=True),但这在从 Python 3.2.2(Windows 64 位)转换为 Python 2.7.2(Windows 32 位)时不起作用,并出现错误:
TypeError: ('data type not understood', <built-in function _reconstruct>, (<type 'numpy.ndarray'>, (0,), '[98]')).
接下来,尝试了numpy.save
和numpy.load
以及和scipy.io.mmwrite()
,scipy.io.mmread()
但这些方法都没有起作用。
解决方案 1:
编辑: scipy 0.19 现在有scipy.sparse.save_npz
和scipy.sparse.load_npz
。
from scipy import sparse
sparse.save_npz("yourmatrix.npz", your_matrix)
your_matrix_back = sparse.load_npz("yourmatrix.npz")
对于这两个函数,file
参数也可以是类似文件的对象(即的结果open
),而不是文件名。
得到了Scipy用户组的答案:
csr_matrix 有 3 个重要的数据属性:
.data
、.indices
和.indptr
。 它们都是简单的 ndarray,因此numpy.save
可以对它们进行操作。 使用numpy.save
或保存这三个数组numpy.savez
,使用 重新加载它们numpy.load
,然后使用以下方法重新创建稀疏矩阵对象:
new_csr = csr_matrix((data, indices, indptr), shape=(M, N))
例如:
def save_sparse_csr(filename, array):
np.savez(filename, data=array.data, indices=array.indices,
indptr=array.indptr, shape=array.shape)
def load_sparse_csr(filename):
loader = np.load(filename)
return csr_matrix((loader['data'], loader['indices'], loader['indptr']),
shape=loader['shape'])
解决方案 2:
尽管您写的scipy.io.mmwrite
和scipy.io.mmread
对您不起作用,但我只想补充一下它们的工作原理。这个问题是 Google 上排名第一的热门问题,所以我自己先从和开始np.savez
,pickle.dump
然后再切换到简单而明显的 scipy 函数。它们对我有用,那些还没有尝试过它们的人不应该忽视它们。
from scipy import sparse, io
m = sparse.csr_matrix([[0,0,0],[1,0,0],[0,1,0]])
m # <3x3 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.int64'>' with 2 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
io.mmwrite("test.mtx", m)
del m
newm = io.mmread("test.mtx")
newm # <3x3 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.int32'>' with 2 stored elements in COOrdinate format>
newm.tocsr() # <3x3 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.int32'>' with 2 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
newm.toarray() # array([[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0]], dtype=int32)
解决方案 3:
以下是使用 Jupyter 笔记本对三个得票最多的答案进行的性能比较。输入是一个 1M x 100K 随机稀疏矩阵,密度为 0.001,包含 100M 个非零值:
from scipy.sparse import random
matrix = random(1000000, 100000, density=0.001, format='csr')
matrix
<1000000x100000 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.float64'>'
with 100000000 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
io.mmwrite
/io.mmread
from scipy.sparse import io
%time io.mmwrite('test_io.mtx', matrix)
CPU times: user 4min 37s, sys: 2.37 s, total: 4min 39s
Wall time: 4min 39s
%time matrix = io.mmread('test_io.mtx')
CPU times: user 2min 41s, sys: 1.63 s, total: 2min 43s
Wall time: 2min 43s
matrix
<1000000x100000 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.float64'>'
with 100000000 stored elements in COOrdinate format>
Filesize: 3.0G.
(请注意,格式已从 csr 更改为 coo)。
np.savez
/np.load
import numpy as np
from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
def save_sparse_csr(filename, array):
# note that .npz extension is added automatically
np.savez(filename, data=array.data, indices=array.indices,
indptr=array.indptr, shape=array.shape)
def load_sparse_csr(filename):
# here we need to add .npz extension manually
loader = np.load(filename + '.npz')
return csr_matrix((loader['data'], loader['indices'], loader['indptr']),
shape=loader['shape'])
%time save_sparse_csr('test_savez', matrix)
CPU times: user 1.26 s, sys: 1.48 s, total: 2.74 s
Wall time: 2.74 s
%time matrix = load_sparse_csr('test_savez')
CPU times: user 1.18 s, sys: 548 ms, total: 1.73 s
Wall time: 1.73 s
matrix
<1000000x100000 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.float64'>'
with 100000000 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
Filesize: 1.1G.
cPickle
import cPickle as pickle
def save_pickle(matrix, filename):
with open(filename, 'wb') as outfile:
pickle.dump(matrix, outfile, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
def load_pickle(filename):
with open(filename, 'rb') as infile:
matrix = pickle.load(infile)
return matrix
%time save_pickle(matrix, 'test_pickle.mtx')
CPU times: user 260 ms, sys: 888 ms, total: 1.15 s
Wall time: 1.15 s
%time matrix = load_pickle('test_pickle.mtx')
CPU times: user 376 ms, sys: 988 ms, total: 1.36 s
Wall time: 1.37 s
matrix
<1000000x100000 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.float64'>'
with 100000000 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
Filesize: 1.1G.
注意:cPickle 不适用于非常大的对象(请参阅此答案)。根据我的经验,它不适用于具有 270M 个非零值的 2.7M x 50k 矩阵。np.savez
解决方案效果很好。
结论
(基于这个针对 CSR 矩阵的简单测试)cPickle
是最快的方法,但它不适用于非常大的矩阵,np.savez
速度只是稍微慢一点,而速度io.mmwrite
要慢得多,生成的文件更大,并且恢复为错误的格式。所以np.savez
是这里的赢家。
解决方案 4:
现在您可以使用scipy.sparse.save_npz
:
https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.sparse.save_npz.html
解决方案 5:
假设你的两台机器上都有 scipy,那么你就可以使用pickle
。
但是,在 pickle numpy 数组时一定要指定二进制协议。否则,您最终会得到一个巨大的文件。
无论如何,你应该能够做到这一点:
import cPickle as pickle
import numpy as np
import scipy.sparse
# Just for testing, let's make a dense array and convert it to a csr_matrix
x = np.random.random((10,10))
x = scipy.sparse.csr_matrix(x)
with open('test_sparse_array.dat', 'wb') as outfile:
pickle.dump(x, outfile, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
然后你可以使用以下命令加载它:
import cPickle as pickle
with open('test_sparse_array.dat', 'rb') as infile:
x = pickle.load(infile)
解决方案 6:
从 scipy 0.19.0 开始,您可以通过以下方式保存和加载稀疏矩阵:
from scipy import sparse
data = sparse.csr_matrix((3, 4))
#Save
sparse.save_npz('data_sparse.npz', data)
#Load
data = sparse.load_npz("data_sparse.npz")
解决方案 7:
编辑显然它足够简单:
def sparse_matrix_tuples(m):
yield from m.todok().items()
这将产生一个((i, j), value)
元组,这些元组易于序列化和反序列化。不确定它在性能方面与下面的代码相比如何csr_matrix
,但它肯定更简单。我将原始答案保留在下面,因为我希望它能提供信息。
补充一下我的看法:对我来说,npz
它不可移植,因为我不能用它轻松地将矩阵导出到非 Python 客户端(例如 PostgreSQL——很高兴得到纠正)。所以我本来希望获得稀疏矩阵的 CSV 输出(就像您获得print()
稀疏矩阵一样)。如何实现这一点取决于稀疏矩阵的表示。对于 CSR 矩阵,以下代码会输出 CSV 输出。您可以适应其他表示。
import numpy as np
def csr_matrix_tuples(m):
# not using unique will lag on empty elements
uindptr, uindptr_i = np.unique(m.indptr, return_index=True)
for i, (start_index, end_index) in zip(uindptr_i, zip(uindptr[:-1], uindptr[1:])):
for j, data in zip(m.indices[start_index:end_index], m.data[start_index:end_index]):
yield (i, j, data)
for i, j, data in csr_matrix_tuples(my_csr_matrix):
print(i, j, data, sep=',')
save_npz
据我测试,它比当前实现慢约 2 倍。
解决方案 8:
这是我用来保存的lil_matrix
。
import numpy as np
from scipy.sparse import lil_matrix
def save_sparse_lil(filename, array):
# use np.savez_compressed(..) for compression
np.savez(filename, dtype=array.dtype.str, data=array.data,
rows=array.rows, shape=array.shape)
def load_sparse_lil(filename):
loader = np.load(filename)
result = lil_matrix(tuple(loader["shape"]), dtype=str(loader["dtype"]))
result.data = loader["data"]
result.rows = loader["rows"]
return result
我必须说我发现 NumPy 的 np.load(..) 非常慢。这是我目前的解决方案,我觉得运行速度要快得多:
from scipy.sparse import lil_matrix
import numpy as np
import json
def lil_matrix_to_dict(myarray):
result = {
"dtype": myarray.dtype.str,
"shape": myarray.shape,
"data": myarray.data,
"rows": myarray.rows
}
return result
def lil_matrix_from_dict(mydict):
result = lil_matrix(tuple(mydict["shape"]), dtype=mydict["dtype"])
result.data = np.array(mydict["data"])
result.rows = np.array(mydict["rows"])
return result
def load_lil_matrix(filename):
result = None
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as infile:
mydict = json.load(infile)
result = lil_matrix_from_dict(mydict)
return result
def save_lil_matrix(filename, myarray):
with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as outfile:
mydict = lil_matrix_to_dict(myarray)
json.dump(mydict, outfile)
解决方案 9:
这对我有用:
import numpy as np
import scipy.sparse as sp
x = sp.csr_matrix([1,2,3])
y = sp.csr_matrix([2,3,4])
np.savez(file, x=x, y=y)
npz = np.load(file)
>>> npz['x'].tolist()
<1x3 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.int64'>'
with 3 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
>>> npz['x'].tolist().toarray()
array([[1, 2, 3]], dtype=int64)
诀窍是调用.tolist()
将形状 0 对象数组转换为原始对象。
解决方案 10:
我被要求以简单通用的格式发送矩阵:
<x,y,value>
我最终得到了这个:
def save_sparse_matrix(m,filename):
thefile = open(filename, 'w')
nonZeros = np.array(m.nonzero())
for entry in range(nonZeros.shape[1]):
thefile.write("%s,%s,%s
" % (nonZeros[0, entry], nonZeros[1, entry], m[nonZeros[0, entry], nonZeros[1, entry]]))