如何发送电子邮件附件？
- 2024-11-29 08:42:00
- admin 原创
- 106
问题描述：
我无法理解如何使用 Python 通过电子邮件发送附件。我已成功使用 通过电子邮件发送了简单消息smtplib。有人可以解释如何在电子邮件中发送附件吗？我知道网上还有其他帖子，但作为 Python 初学者，我发现它们很难理解。
解决方案 1：
这是另一个：
import smtplib
from os.path import basename
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import COMMASPACE, formatdate
def send_mail(send_from, send_to, subject, text, files=None,
server="127.0.0.1"):
assert isinstance(send_to, list)
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = send_from
msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(send_to)
msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(text))
for f in files or []:
with open(f, "rb") as fil:
part = MIMEApplication(
fil.read(),
Name=basename(f)
)
# After the file is closed
part['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % basename(f)
msg.attach(part)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(server)
smtp.sendmail(send_from, send_to, msg.as_string())
smtp.close()
它与第一个例子非常相似...但应该更容易放入。
解决方案 2：
Oli这是针对 Python 3 的修改版本
import smtplib
from pathlib import Path
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import COMMASPACE, formatdate
from email import encoders
def send_mail(send_from, send_to, subject, message, files=[],
server="localhost", port=587, username='', password='',
use_tls=True):
"""Compose and send email with provided info and attachments.
Args:
send_from (str): from name
send_to (list[str]): to name(s)
subject (str): message title
message (str): message body
files (list[str]): list of file paths to be attached to email
server (str): mail server host name
port (int): port number
username (str): server auth username
password (str): server auth password
use_tls (bool): use TLS mode
"""
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = send_from
msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(send_to)
msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(message))
for path in files:
part = MIMEBase('application', "octet-stream")
with open(path, 'rb') as file:
part.set_payload(file.read())
encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition',
'attachment; filename={}'.format(Path(path).name))
msg.attach(part)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(server, port)
if use_tls:
smtp.starttls()
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(send_from, send_to, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
解决方案 3：
这是我最终使用的代码：
import smtplib
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email import Encoders
SUBJECT = "Email Data"
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = self.EMAIL_FROM
msg['To'] = ', '.join(self.EMAIL_TO)
part = MIMEBase('application', "octet-stream")
part.set_payload(open("text.txt", "rb").read())
Encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="text.txt"')
msg.attach(part)
server = smtplib.SMTP(self.EMAIL_SERVER)
server.sendmail(self.EMAIL_FROM, self.EMAIL_TO, msg.as_string())
代码与 Oli 的帖子非常相似。
基于二进制文件电子邮件附件问题帖子的代码。
解决方案 4：
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEImage import MIMEImage
import smtplib
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg.attach(MIMEText(file("text.txt").read()))
msg.attach(MIMEImage(file("image.png").read()))
# to send
mailer = smtplib.SMTP()
mailer.connect()
mailer.sendmail(from_, to, msg.as_string())
mailer.close()
改编自这里。
解决方案 5：
因为这里有很多针对 Python 3 的答案，但没有一个答案说明如何使用emailPython 3.6 中经过大修的库，所以这里是从当前示例文档中快速复制粘贴的email。
(我对其进行了一些删节，以消除猜测正确的 MIME 类型之类的麻烦。)
针对 Python >3.5 的现代代码不应再使用email.message.MessageAPI（包括各种MIMEText、等类）或更老的MIMEMultipart胡言乱语。MIMEBase`mimetypes`
from email.message import EmailMessage
import smtplib
from pathlib import Path
msg = EmailMessage()
msg["Subject"] = "Our family reunion"
msg["From"] = "me <sender@example.org>"
msg["To"] = "recipient <victim@example.net>"
# definitely don't mess with the .preamble
msg.set_content("Hello, victim! Look at these pictures")
picpath = Path("path/to/attachment.png")
with picpath.open("rb") as fp:
msg.add_attachment(
fp.read(),
maintype="image", subtype="png",
filename=picpath.name)
# Notice how smtplib now includes a send_message() method
with smtplib.SMTP("localhost") as s:
s.send_message(msg)
与旧版本的库相比，现代email.message.EmailMessageAPI 现在更加通用和合乎逻辑。文档中的介绍仍然存在一些问题（Content-Disposition:例如，如何更改附件的格式并不明显；policy对于大多数新手来说，模块的讨论可能太晦涩难懂），从根本上讲，您仍然需要对 MIME 结构应该是什么样子有一定的了解（尽管库现在终于处理了很多细节问题）。也许可以参阅多部分电子邮件中的“部分”是什么？以获得简要介绍。
显然，只有当您的本地计算机上确实运行有 SMTP 服务器时，将其用作localhostSMTP 服务器才有效。正确从系统中提取电子邮件是一个相当复杂的独立问题。对于简单的要求，可能使用您现有的电子邮件帐户和提供商的电子邮件服务器（搜索使用 Google、Yahoo 或您拥有的任何端口 587 的示例 - 确切的工作原理在一定程度上取决于提供商；有些仅支持端口 465 或旧端口 25，但由于垃圾邮件过滤，现在基本上不可能在面向公众的服务器上使用）。
解决方案 6：
使用 python 3 的另一种方法（如果有人正在搜索）：
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
fromaddr = "sender mail address"
toaddr = "receiver mail address"
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = fromaddr
msg['To'] = toaddr
msg['Subject'] = "SUBJECT OF THE EMAIL"
body = "TEXT YOU WANT TO SEND"
msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))
filename = "fileName"
attachment = open("path of file", "rb")
part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
part.set_payload((attachment).read())
encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', "attachment; filename= %s" % filename)
msg.attach(part)
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
server.starttls()
server.login(fromaddr, "sender mail password")
text = msg.as_string()
server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddr, text)
server.quit()
确保在你的 Gmail 帐户上允许“不太安全的应用程序”
解决方案 7：
Gmail 版本，使用 Python 3.6（请注意，您需要更改 Gmail 设置才能通过 smtp 发送电子邮件：
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from os.path import basename
def send_mail(send_from: str, subject: str, text: str,
send_to: list, files= None):
send_to= default_address if not send_to else send_to
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = send_from
msg['To'] = ', '.join(send_to)
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(text))
for f in files or []:
with open(f, "rb") as fil:
ext = f.split('.')[-1:]
attachedfile = MIMEApplication(fil.read(), _subtype = ext)
attachedfile.add_header(
'content-disposition', 'attachment', filename=basename(f) )
msg.attach(attachedfile)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(host="smtp.gmail.com", port= 587)
smtp.starttls()
smtp.login(username,password)
smtp.sendmail(send_from, send_to, msg.as_string())
smtp.close()
用法：
username = 'my-address@gmail.com'
password = 'top-secret'
default_address = ['my-address2@gmail.com']
send_mail(send_from= username,
subject="test",
text="text",
send_to= None,
files= # pass a list with the full filepaths here...
)
要与任何其他电子邮件提供商一起使用，只需更改 smtp 配置。
解决方案 8：
我能想到的最简单的代码是：
#for attachment email
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
def attachment_email(request):
email = EmailMessage(
'Hello', #subject
'Body goes here', #body
'MyEmail@MyEmail.com', #from
['SendTo@SendTo.com'], #to
['bcc@example.com'], #bcc
reply_to=['other@example.com'],
headers={'Message-ID': 'foo'},
)
email.attach_file('/my/path/file')
email.send()
它基于官方Django 文档
解决方案 9：
其他答案都很好，但我仍然想分享一种不同的方法，以防有人正在寻找替代方案。
这里的主要区别在于，使用这种方法，您可以使用 HTML/CSS 来格式化您的消息，因此您可以发挥创意并为您的电子邮件添加一些样式。虽然您没有被强制使用 HTML，但您仍然可以只使用纯文本。
请注意，此功能接受将电子邮件发送给多个收件人，并且还允许附加多个文件。
我只在 Python 2 上尝试过这个，但我认为它在 3 上也能正常工作：
import os.path
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
def send_email(subject, message, from_email, to_email=[], attachment=[]):
"""
:param subject: email subject
:param message: Body content of the email (string), can be HTML/CSS or plain text
:param from_email: Email address from where the email is sent
:param to_email: List of email recipients, example: ["a@a.com", "b@b.com"]
:param attachment: List of attachments, exmaple: ["file1.txt", "file2.txt"]
"""
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = from_email
msg['To'] = ", ".join(to_email)
msg.attach(MIMEText(message, 'html'))
for f in attachment:
with open(f, 'rb') as a_file:
basename = os.path.basename(f)
part = MIMEApplication(a_file.read(), Name=basename)
part['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % basename
msg.attach(part)
email = smtplib.SMTP('your-smtp-host-name.com')
email.sendmail(from_email, to_email, msg.as_string())
我希望这有帮助！:-)
解决方案 10：
我知道这是一个老问题，但我认为肯定有比其他示例更简单的方法，因此我创建了一个库，可以干净地解决这个问题，而不会污染您的代码库。添加附件非常简单：
from redmail import EmailSender
from pathlib import Path
# Configure an email sender
email = EmailSender(
host="<SMTP HOST>", port=0,
user_name="me@example.com", password="<PASSWORD>"
)
# Send an email
email.send(
sender="me@example.com",
receivers=["you@example.com"],
subject="An example email"
attachments={
"myfile.txt": Path("path/to/a_file.txt"),
"myfile.html": "<h1>Content of a HTML attachment</h1>"
}
)
您也可以直接附加bytesPandas DataFrame（根据密钥中的文件扩展名转换为格式）、MatplotlibFigure或 Pillow Image。该库很可能具有电子邮件发送者所需的所有功能（不仅仅是附件）。
安装：
pip install redmail
按照你喜欢的方式使用它。我还写了详尽的文档：https ://red-mail.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
解决方案 11：
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib
import mimetypes
import email.mime.application
smtp_ssl_host = 'smtp.gmail.com' # smtp.mail.yahoo.com
smtp_ssl_port = 465
s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_ssl_host, smtp_ssl_port)
s.login(email_user, email_pass)
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = 'I have a picture'
msg['From'] = email_user
msg['To'] = email_user
txt = MIMEText('I just bought a new camera.')
msg.attach(txt)
filename = 'introduction-to-algorithms-3rd-edition-sep-2010.pdf' #path to file
fo=open(filename,'rb')
attach = email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(fo.read(),_subtype="pdf")
fo.close()
attach.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=filename)
msg.attach(attach)
s.send_message(msg)
s.quit()
如需解释，您可以使用此链接，它解释得很清楚
https://medium.com/@sdoshi579/to-send-an-email-along-with-attachment-using-smtp-7852e77623
解决方案 12：
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import smtplib
msg = MIMEMultipart()
password = "password"
msg['From'] = "from_address"
msg['To'] = "to_address"
msg['Subject'] = "Attached Photo"
msg.attach(MIMEImage(file("abc.jpg").read()))
file = "file path"
fp = open(file, 'rb')
img = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
msg.attach(img)
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com: 587')
server.starttls()
server.login(msg['From'], password)
server.sendmail(msg['From'], msg['To'], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
解决方案 13：
目前给出的答案都无法正确处理文件名中的非 ASCII 符号，例如 GMail、Outlook 2016 和其他不支持 RFC 2231 的客户端（例如，请参阅此处）。下面的 Python 3 代码改编自其他一些 stackoverflow 答案（抱歉，没有保存原始链接）和 Python 2.7 的 odoo/openerp 代码（请参阅ir_mail_server.py）。它可以与 GMail 和其他客户端一起正确运行，并且还使用 SSL。
import smtplib, ssl
from os.path import basename
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from mimetypes import guess_type
from email.encoders import encode_base64
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import COMMASPACE, formatdate
from email.charset import Charset
def try_coerce_ascii(string_utf8):
"""Attempts to decode the given utf8-encoded string
as ASCII after coercing it to UTF-8, then return
the confirmed 7-bit ASCII string.
If the process fails (because the string
contains non-ASCII characters) returns ``None``.
"""
try:
string_utf8.encode('ascii')
except UnicodeEncodeError:
return
return string_utf8
def encode_header_param(param_text):
"""Returns an appropriate RFC 2047 encoded representation of the given
header parameter value, suitable for direct assignation as the
param value (e.g. via Message.set_param() or Message.add_header())
RFC 2822 assumes that headers contain only 7-bit characters,
so we ensure it is the case, using RFC 2047 encoding when needed.
:param param_text: unicode or utf-8 encoded string with header value
:rtype: string
:return: if ``param_text`` represents a plain ASCII string,
return the same 7-bit string, otherwise returns an
ASCII string containing the RFC2047 encoded text.
"""
if not param_text: return ""
param_text_ascii = try_coerce_ascii(param_text)
return param_text_ascii if param_text_ascii\n else Charset('utf8').header_encode(param_text)
smtp_server = '<someserver.com>'
smtp_port = 465 # Default port for SSL
sender_email = '<sender_email@some.com>'
sender_password = '<PASSWORD>'
receiver_emails = ['<receiver_email_1@some.com>', '<receiver_email_2@some.com>']
subject = 'Test message'
message = """\nHello! This is a test message with attachments.
This message is sent from Python."""
files = ['<path1>/файл1.pdf', '<path2>/файл2.png']
# Create a secure SSL context
context = ssl.create_default_context()
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = sender_email
msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(receiver_emails)
msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(message))
for f in files:
mimetype, _ = guess_type(f)
mimetype = mimetype.split('/', 1)
with open(f, "rb") as fil:
part = MIMEBase(mimetype[0], mimetype[1])
part.set_payload(fil.read())
encode_base64(part)
filename_rfc2047 = encode_header_param(basename(f))
# The default RFC 2231 encoding of Message.add_header() works in Thunderbird but not GMail
# so we fix it by using RFC 2047 encoding for the filename instead.
part.set_param('name', filename_rfc2047)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename_rfc2047)
msg.attach(part)
with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, smtp_port, context=context) as server:
server.login(sender_email, sender_password)
server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_emails, msg.as_string())
解决方案 14：
这是针对 Python 3.6 及更高版本的更新版本，使用了Python标准库EmailMessage中经过大修的模块的类。email
import mimetypes
import os
import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage
username = "user@example.com"
password = "password"
smtp_url = "smtp.example.com"
port = 587
def send_mail(subject: str, send_from: str, send_to: str, message: str, directory: str, filename: str):
# Create the email message
msg = EmailMessage()
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = send_from
msg['To'] = send_to
# Set email content
msg.set_content(message)
path = directory + filename
if os.path.exists(path):
ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(path)
if ctype is None or encoding is not None:
# No guess could be made, or the file is encoded (compressed), so
# use a generic bag-of-bits type.
ctype = 'application/octet-stream'
maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1)
# Add email attachment
with open(path, 'rb') as fp:
msg.add_attachment(fp.read(),
maintype=maintype,
subtype=subtype,
filename=filename)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_url, port)
smtp.starttls() # for using port 587
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.send_message(msg)
smtp.quit()
您可以在此处找到更多示例。
解决方案 15：
正如@toowboga 所建议的，如果您使用的是 Python >= 3.6，则应该将其email.message.EmailMessage用于所有电子邮件。
这是我的版本：
import os
import smtplib
from pathlib import Path as PathLib
from email.message import EmailMessage
from email.utils import formatdate as email_formatdate
class Attachment():
Path:str = None
Name:str = None
MIME:str = None
def __init__(self, path:str, mime:str, name:str=None):
self.Path = path
assert os.path.isfile(path), f"Attachment path not found: '{path}'"
assert isinstance(mime, str)
a = mime.split('/')
assert len(a) == 2, f"Invalid mime `{mime}`. Expecting <maintype>/<subtype>"
self.MIME = mime
if name is None:
self.Name = PathLib(path).name
else:
self.Name = name
def append_to(self, msg:EmailMessage):
assert isinstance(msg, EmailMessage)
(_maintype, _subtype) = self.MIME.split('/')
with open(self.Path, "rb") as f:
msg.add_attachment(f.read(), maintype=_maintype, subtype=_subtype, filename=self.Name)
def send_mail(send_from : str,
to_list : list,
subject : str,
body : str,
cc_list : list = None,
bcc_list : list = None,
attachments : list = None,
as_html : bool = False,
server : str = "127.0.0.1"):
assert isinstance(to_list, list)
msg = EmailMessage()
msg['From'] = send_from
msg['To'] = ', '.join(to_list)
msg['Date'] = email_formatdate(localtime=True)
msg['Subject'] = subject
if as_html:
msg.set_content(body, subtype='html')
else:
msg.set_content(body)
if cc_list and len(cc_list) > 0:
msg['Cc'] = ', '.join(cc_list)
if bcc_list and len(bcc_list) > 0:
msg['Bcc'] = ', '.join(bcc_list)
if isinstance(attachments, list):
for attachment in attachments:
assert isinstance(attachment, Attachment)
attachment.append_to(msg)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(server)
smtp.send_message(msg)
smtp.close()
# Usage:
send_mail(send_from = "me@here.com",
to_list = ["you@there.com"],
subject = "_email_subject_",
body = "_email_body_",
attachments =[Attachment("/tmp/attachment.pdf", 'application/pdf')])
解决方案 16：
以下是我从 SoccerPlayer 的帖子中找到的内容以及以下链接，这使我更容易附加 xlsx 文件。在此处找到
file = 'File.xlsx'
username=''
password=''
send_from = ''
send_to = 'recipient1 , recipient2'
Cc = 'recipient'
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = send_from
msg['To'] = send_to
msg['Cc'] = Cc
msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime = True)
msg['Subject'] = ''
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com')
port = '587'
fp = open(file, 'rb')
part = MIMEBase('application','vnd.ms-excel')
part.set_payload(fp.read())
fp.close()
encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='Name File Here')
msg.attach(part)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com')
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
smtp.login(username,password)
smtp.sendmail(send_from, send_to.split(',') + msg['Cc'].split(','), msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
解决方案 17：
您还可以指定电子邮件中想要的附件类型，例如我使用了 pdf：
def send_email_pdf_figs(path_to_pdf, subject, message, destination, password_path=None):
## credits: http://linuxcursor.com/python-programming/06-how-to-send-pdf-ppt-attachment-with-html-body-in-python-script
from socket import gethostname
#import email
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import smtplib
import json
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
server.starttls()
with open(password_path) as f:
config = json.load(f)
server.login('me@gmail.com', config['password'])
# Craft message (obj)
msg = MIMEMultipart()
message = f'{message}
Send from Hostname: {gethostname()}'
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = 'me@gmail.com'
msg['To'] = destination
# Insert the text to the msg going by e-mail
msg.attach(MIMEText(message, "plain"))
# Attach the pdf to the msg going by e-mail
with open(path_to_pdf, "rb") as f:
#attach = email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(f.read(),_subtype="pdf")
attach = MIMEApplication(f.read(),_subtype="pdf")
attach.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=str(path_to_pdf))
msg.attach(attach)
# send msg
server.send_message(msg)
灵感/致谢：http: //linuxcursor.com/python-programming/06-how-to-send-pdf-ppt-attachment-with-html-body-in-python-script
解决方案 18：
试试这个我希望这可能会有帮助
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
fromaddr = "youremailhere"
toaddr = input("Enter The Email Adress You want to send to: ")
# instance of MIMEMultipart
msg = MIMEMultipart()
# storing the senders email address
msg['From'] = fromaddr
# storing the receivers email address
msg['To'] = toaddr
# storing the subject
msg['Subject'] = input("What is the Subject: ")
# string to store the body of the mail
body = input("What is the body: ")
# attach the body with the msg instance
msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))
# open the file to be sent
filename = input("filename:")
attachment = open(filename, "rb")
# instance of MIMEBase and named as p
p = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
# To change the payload into encoded form
p.set_payload((attachment).read())
# encode into base64
encoders.encode_base64(p)
p.add_header('Content-Disposition', "attachment; filename= %s" % filename)
# attach the instance 'p' to instance 'msg'
msg.attach(p)
# creates SMTP session
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
# start TLS for security
s.starttls()
# Authentication
s.login(fromaddr, "yourpaswordhere)
# Converts the Multipart msg into a string
text = msg.as_string()
# sending the mail
s.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddr, text)
# terminating the session
s.quit()
解决方案 19：
在编写脚本发送通用附件时遇到了一些麻烦，但经过一番研究和浏览这篇文章的文章后，我终于想出了以下内容
# to query:
import sys
import ast
from datetime import datetime
import smtplib
import mimetypes
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email import encoders
from email.message import Message
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from dotenv import load_dotenv, dotenv_values
load_dotenv() # load environment variables from .env
'''
sample .env file
# .env file
SECRET_KEY="gnhfpsjxxxxxxxx"
DOMAIN="GMAIL"
TOP_LEVEL_DOMAIN="COM"
EMAIL="CHESERExxxxxx@${DOMAIN}.${TOP_LEVEL_DOMAIN}"
TO_ADDRESS = ("cheseremxxxxx@gmail.com","cheserek@gmail.com")#didn't use this in the code but you can load recipients from here
'''
import smtplib
tls_port = 587
ssl_port = 465
smtp_server_domain_names = {'GMAIL': ('smtp.gmail.com', tls_port, ssl_port),
'OUTLOOK': ('smtp-mail.outlook.com', tls_port, ssl_port),
'YAHOO': ('smtp.mail.yahoo.com', tls_port, ssl_port),
'AT&T': ('smtp.mail.att.net', tls_port, ssl_port),
}
# todo: Ability to choose mail server provider
# auto read in from the dictionary the respective mail server address and the tls and ssl ports
class Bimail:
def __init__(self, subject, recipients):
self.subject = subject
self.recipients = recipients
self.htmlbody = ''
self.mail_username = 'will be loaded from .env file'
self.mail_password = 'loaded from .env file as well'
self.attachments = []
# Creating an smtp object
# todo: if gmail passed in use gmail's dictionary values
def setup_mail_client(self, domain_key_to_use="GMAIL",
email_servers_domains_dict=smtp_server_domain_names):
"""
:param report_pdf:
:type to_address: str
"""
smtpObj = None
encryption_status = True
config = dotenv_values(".env")
# check if the domain_key exists from within the available email-servers-domains dict file passed in
# else throw an error
# read environment file to get the Domain to be used
if f"{domain_key_to_use}" in email_servers_domains_dict.keys():
# if the key is found do the following
# 1.extract the domain,tls,ssl ports from email_servers dict for use in program
try:
values_tuple = email_servers_domains_dict.get(f"{domain_key_to_use}")
ssl_port = values_tuple[2]
tls_port = values_tuple[1]
smtp_server = values_tuple[0]
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, tls_port)
print(f"Success connect with tls on {tls_port}")
print('Awaiting for connection encryption via startttls()')
encryption_status = False
except:
print(f"Failed connection via tls on port {tls_port}")
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, ssl_port)
print(f"Success connect with ssl on {ssl_port}")
encryption_status = True
except:
print(f"Failed connection via ssl on port {ssl_port}")
finally:
print("Within Finally block")
if not smtpObj:
print("Failed!!! no Internet connection")
else:
# if connection channel is unencrypted via the use of tls encrypt it
if not encryption_status:
status = smtpObj.starttls()
if status[0] == 220:
print("Successfully Encrypted tls channel")
print("Successfully Connected!!!! Requesting Login")
# Loading .env file values to config variable
#load Login Creds from ENV File
self.mail_username = f'{config.get("EMAIL")}'
self.mail_password = f'{cofig.get("SECRET_KEY")}'
status = smtpObj.login(self.mail_usernam,self.mail_password)
if status[0] == 235:
print("Successfully Authenticated User to xxx account")
success = self.send(smtpObj, f'{config.get("EMAIL")}')
if not bool(success):
print(f"Success in Sending Mail to {success}")
print("Disconnecting from Server INstance")
quit_result = smtpObj.quit()
else:
print(f"Failed to Post {success}!!!")
print(f"Quiting anyway !!!")
quit_result = smtpObj.quit()
else:
print("Application Specific Password is Required")
else:
print("World")
def send(self,smtpObj,from_address):
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['From'] = from_address
msg['Subject'] = self.subject
msg['To'] = ", ".join(self.recipients) # to must be array of the form ['mailsender135@gmail.com']
msg.preamble = "preamble goes here"
# check if there are attachments if yes, add them
if self.attachments:
self.attach(msg)
# add html body after attachments
msg.attach(MIMEText(self.htmlbody, 'html'))
# send
print(f"Attempting Email send to the following addresses {self.recipients}")
result = smtpObj.sendmail(from_address, self.recipients,msg.as_string())
return result
def htmladd(self, html):
self.htmlbody = self.htmlbody + '<p></p>' + html
def attach(self, msg):
for f in self.attachments:
ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(f)
if ctype is None or encoding is not None:
ctype = "application/octet-stream"
maintype, subtype = ctype.split("/", 1)
if maintype == "text":
fp = open(f)
# Note: we should handle calculating the charset
attachment = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype)
fp.close()
elif maintype == "image":
fp = open(f, "rb")
attachment = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype)
fp.close()
elif maintype == "ppt":
fp = open(f, "rb")
attachment = MIMEApplication(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype)
fp.close()
elif maintype == "audio":
fp = open(f, "rb")
attachment = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype)
fp.close()
else:
fp = open(f, "rb")
attachment = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
attachment.set_payload(fp.read())
fp.close()
encoders.encode_base64(attachment)
attachment.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename=f)
attachment.add_header('Content-ID', '<{}>'.format(f))
msg.attach(attachment)
def addattach(self, files):
self.attachments = self.attachments + files
# example below
if __name__ == '__main__':
# subject and recipients
mymail = Bimail('Sales email ' + datetime.now().strftime('%Y/%m/%d'),
['cheseremxx@gmail.com', 'tkemboxxx@gmail.com'])
# start html body. Here we add a greeting.
mymail.htmladd('Good morning, find the daily summary below.')
# Further things added to body are separated by a paragraph, so you do not need to worry about newlines for new sentences
# here we add a line of text and an html table previously stored in the variable
mymail.htmladd('Daily sales')
mymail.addattach(['htmlsalestable.xlsx'])
# another table name + table
mymail.htmladd('Daily bestsellers')
mymail.addattach(['htmlbestsellertable.xlsx'])
# add image chart title
mymail.htmladd('Weekly sales chart')
# attach image chart
mymail.addattach(['saleschartweekly.png'])
# refer to image chart in html
mymail.htmladd('<img src="cid:saleschartweekly.png"/>')
# attach another file
mymail.addattach(['MailSend.py'])
# send!
mymail.setup_mail_client( domain_key_to_use="GMAIL",email_servers_domains_dict=smtp_server_domain_names)
解决方案 20：
使用我的代码，您可以使用 Gmail 发送电子邮件附件，您需要：
在 设置您的 gmail 地址 在___YOUR SMTP EMAIL HERE___
设置您的 gmail 帐户密码 在您需要设置目标电子邮件地址的部分。__YOUR SMTP PASSWORD HERE___
是主题。是正文。是图像附件。___EMAIL TO RECEIVE THE MESSAGE__
Alarm notification
Someone has entered the room, picture attached
["/home/pi/webcam.jpg"]
完整代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
import smtplib
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.Utils import COMMASPACE, formatdate
from email import Encoders
import os
USERNAME = "___YOUR SMTP EMAIL HERE___"
PASSWORD = "__YOUR SMTP PASSWORD HERE___"
def sendMail(to, subject, text, files=[]):
assert type(to)==list
assert type(files)==list
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = USERNAME
msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(to)
msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach( MIMEText(text) )
for file in files:
part = MIMEBase('application', "octet-stream")
part.set_payload( open(file,"rb").read() )
Encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"'
% os.path.basename(file))
msg.attach(part)
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')
server.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed()
server.starttls()
server.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed()
server.login(USERNAME,PASSWORD)
server.sendmail(USERNAME, to, msg.as_string())
server.quit()
sendMail( ["___EMAIL TO RECEIVE THE MESSAGE__"],
"Alarm notification",
"Someone has entered the room, picture attached",
["/home/pi/webcam.jpg"] )
解决方案 21：
以下是带有发送给多个收件人的选项的代码：
import smtplib, email,getpass
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
def sendEmail():
host= "smtp-mail.outlook.com" # use the hotmail smtp server
port = 587
sender = input("Enter the source email")
subj = input("Enter your subject:
")
list_of_mails = [] #Enter the list of the recipients
pswrd = getpass.getpass("Enter your password:
")
attachment = "[].pdf" # it has to be in same dir
body = """ put your body here"""
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg["From"] = sender
msg["Subject"] = subj
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
try:
statCode, response = smtp.ehlo() # check the availability of the server
print("Server is on.
",statCode,response)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
try:
statCodeTls, responseTls = smtp.starttls() #putting the package in tls mode ( security)
print("the TLS connections is:",statCodeTls, responseTls)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
#Login
try:
statusLogin, responseLogin = smtp.login(sender,pswrd)
print(f"Logging in: {statusLogin} {responseLogin}")
msg.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain")) ## Add body to email
with open(attachment, "rb") as fn: # Add file as application/octet-stream
part = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")
part.set_payload(fn.read())
encoders.encode_base64(part) # Encode file in ASCII characters to send by email
part.add_header( # Add header as key/value pair to attachment part
"Content-Disposition",
f"attachment; filename= {attachment}",
)
msg.attach(part)
for ml in list_of_mails:
pck = msg.as_string()
smtp.sendmail(sender,ml,pck)
print("Message sent")
except smtplib.SMTPResponseException as e:
print(e)
finally:
smtp.quit
if __name__ == '__main__':
sendEmail()
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