如何找到列表交点? [重复]
- 2024-12-04 08:56:00
- admin 原创
- 163
问题描述:
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
c = a and b
print c
实际输出:[1,3,5,6]
预期输出:[1,3,5]
如何对两个列表实现布尔与运算(列表交集)?
解决方案 1:
如果顺序不重要并且您不需要担心重复,那么您可以使用集合交集:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b = [1,3,5,6]
>>> list(set(a) & set(b))
[1, 3, 5]
解决方案 2:
对我来说,使用列表推导式是显而易见的。不确定性能如何,但至少一切都保持列表。
[x for x in a if x in b]
或者“如果 X 值在 B 中,则所有在 A 中的 x 值”。
解决方案 3:
如果将两个列表中较大的一个转换为一个集合,则可以使用以下方法获取该集合与任何可迭代对象的交集intersection()
:
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
set(a).intersection(b)
解决方案 4:
用较大的一个制作一套:
_auxset = set(a)
然后,
c = [x for x in b if x in _auxset]
将执行您想要的操作(保留b
的顺序,而不是a
的顺序——不一定同时保留) ,并且快速完成。(使用if x in a
作为列表理解中的条件也可以,并且避免构建_auxset
,但不幸的是,对于相当长的列表,它会慢得多)。
如果您希望对结果进行排序,而不是保留列表的顺序,那么更简洁的方法可能是:
c = sorted(set(a).intersection(b))
解决方案 5:
这里有一些 Python 2 / Python 3 代码,它们为基于列表和基于集合的查找两个列表交集的方法生成时间信息。
纯列表理解算法是 O(n^2),因为in
列表是线性搜索。基于集合的算法是 O(n),因为集合搜索是 O(1),集合创建是 O(n)(将集合转换为列表也是 O(n))。因此,对于足够大的n,基于集合的算法更快,但对于较小的n,创建集合的开销使它们比纯列表理解算法慢。
#!/usr/bin/env python
''' Time list- vs set-based list intersection
See http://stackoverflow.com/q/3697432/4014959
Written by PM 2Ring 2015.10.16
'''
from __future__ import print_function, division
from timeit import Timer
setup = 'from __main__ import a, b'
cmd_lista = '[u for u in a if u in b]'
cmd_listb = '[u for u in b if u in a]'
cmd_lcsa = 'sa=set(a);[u for u in b if u in sa]'
cmd_seta = 'list(set(a).intersection(b))'
cmd_setb = 'list(set(b).intersection(a))'
reps = 3
loops = 50000
def do_timing(heading, cmd, setup):
t = Timer(cmd, setup)
r = t.repeat(reps, loops)
r.sort()
print(heading, r)
return r[0]
m = 10
nums = list(range(6 * m))
for n in range(1, m + 1):
a = nums[:6*n:2]
b = nums[:6*n:3]
print('
n =', n, len(a), len(b))
#print('
n = %d
%s %d
%s %d' % (n, a, len(a), b, len(b)))
la = do_timing('lista', cmd_lista, setup)
lb = do_timing('listb', cmd_listb, setup)
lc = do_timing('lcsa ', cmd_lcsa, setup)
sa = do_timing('seta ', cmd_seta, setup)
sb = do_timing('setb ', cmd_setb, setup)
print(la/sa, lb/sa, lc/sa, la/sb, lb/sb, lc/sb)
输出
n = 1 3 2
lista [0.082171916961669922, 0.082588911056518555, 0.0898590087890625]
listb [0.069530963897705078, 0.070394992828369141, 0.075379848480224609]
lcsa [0.11858987808227539, 0.1188349723815918, 0.12825107574462891]
seta [0.26900982856750488, 0.26902294158935547, 0.27298116683959961]
setb [0.27218389511108398, 0.27459001541137695, 0.34307217597961426]
0.305460649521 0.258469975867 0.440838458259 0.301898526833 0.255455833892 0.435697630214
n = 2 6 4
lista [0.15915989875793457, 0.16000485420227051, 0.16551494598388672]
listb [0.13000702857971191, 0.13060092926025391, 0.13543915748596191]
lcsa [0.18650484085083008, 0.18742108345031738, 0.19513416290283203]
seta [0.33592700958251953, 0.34001994132995605, 0.34146714210510254]
setb [0.29436492919921875, 0.2953648567199707, 0.30039691925048828]
0.473793098554 0.387009751735 0.555194537893 0.540689066428 0.441652573672 0.633583767462
n = 3 9 6
lista [0.27657914161682129, 0.28098297119140625, 0.28311991691589355]
listb [0.21585917472839355, 0.21679902076721191, 0.22272896766662598]
lcsa [0.22559309005737305, 0.2271728515625, 0.2323150634765625]
seta [0.36382699012756348, 0.36453008651733398, 0.36750602722167969]
setb [0.34979605674743652, 0.35533690452575684, 0.36164689064025879]
0.760194128313 0.59330170819 0.62005595016 0.790686848184 0.61710008036 0.644927481902
n = 4 12 8
lista [0.39616990089416504, 0.39746403694152832, 0.41129183769226074]
listb [0.33485794067382812, 0.33914685249328613, 0.37850618362426758]
lcsa [0.27405810356140137, 0.2745978832244873, 0.28249192237854004]
seta [0.39211201667785645, 0.39234519004821777, 0.39317893981933594]
setb [0.36988520622253418, 0.37011313438415527, 0.37571001052856445]
1.01034878821 0.85398540833 0.698928091731 1.07106176249 0.905302334456 0.740927452493
n = 5 15 10
lista [0.56792402267456055, 0.57422614097595215, 0.57740211486816406]
listb [0.47309303283691406, 0.47619009017944336, 0.47628307342529297]
lcsa [0.32805585861206055, 0.32813096046447754, 0.3349759578704834]
seta [0.40036201477050781, 0.40322518348693848, 0.40548801422119141]
setb [0.39103078842163086, 0.39722800254821777, 0.43811702728271484]
1.41852623806 1.18166313332 0.819398061028 1.45237674242 1.20986133789 0.838951479847
n = 6 18 12
lista [0.77897095680236816, 0.78187918663024902, 0.78467702865600586]
listb [0.629547119140625, 0.63210701942443848, 0.63321495056152344]
lcsa [0.36563992500305176, 0.36638498306274414, 0.38175487518310547]
seta [0.46695613861083984, 0.46992206573486328, 0.47583580017089844]
setb [0.47616910934448242, 0.47661614418029785, 0.4850609302520752]
1.66818870637 1.34819326075 0.783028414812 1.63591241329 1.32210827369 0.767878297495
n = 7 21 14
lista [0.9703209400177002, 0.9734041690826416, 1.0182771682739258]
listb [0.82394003868103027, 0.82625699043273926, 0.82796716690063477]
lcsa [0.40975093841552734, 0.41210508346557617, 0.42286920547485352]
seta [0.5086359977722168, 0.50968098640441895, 0.51014018058776855]
setb [0.48688101768493652, 0.4879908561706543, 0.49204087257385254]
1.90769222837 1.61990115188 0.805587768483 1.99293236904 1.69228211566 0.841583309951
n = 8 24 16
lista [1.204819917678833, 1.2206029891967773, 1.258256196975708]
listb [1.014998197555542, 1.0206191539764404, 1.0343101024627686]
lcsa [0.50966787338256836, 0.51018595695495605, 0.51319599151611328]
seta [0.50310111045837402, 0.50556015968322754, 0.51335406303405762]
setb [0.51472997665405273, 0.51948785781860352, 0.52113485336303711]
2.39478683834 2.01748351664 1.01305257092 2.34068341135 1.97190418975 0.990165516871
n = 9 27 18
lista [1.511646032333374, 1.5133969783782959, 1.5639569759368896]
listb [1.2461750507354736, 1.254518985748291, 1.2613379955291748]
lcsa [0.5565330982208252, 0.56119203567504883, 0.56451296806335449]
seta [0.5966339111328125, 0.60275578498840332, 0.64791703224182129]
setb [0.54694414138793945, 0.5508568286895752, 0.55375313758850098]
2.53362406013 2.08867620074 0.932788243907 2.76380331728 2.27843203069 1.01753187594
n = 10 30 20
lista [1.7777848243713379, 2.1453688144683838, 2.4085969924926758]
listb [1.5070111751556396, 1.5202279090881348, 1.5779800415039062]
lcsa [0.5954139232635498, 0.59703707695007324, 0.60746097564697266]
seta [0.61563014984130859, 0.62125110626220703, 0.62354087829589844]
setb [0.56723213195800781, 0.57257509231567383, 0.57460403442382812]
2.88774814689 2.44791645689 0.967161734066 3.13413984189 2.6567803378 1.04968299523
使用 2GHz 单核机器生成,配备 2GB RAM,在 Debian 版本的 Linux 上运行 Python 2.6.6(后台运行 Firefox)。
这些数字仅供参考,因为各种算法的实际速度受到两个源列表中元素比例的不同影响。
解决方案 6:
filter
可以使用和运算符来实现功能方式lambda
。
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
list2 = [2,4,6,9,10]
>>> list(filter(lambda x:x in list1, list2))
[2, 4, 6]
编辑:它过滤掉 list1 和 list 中都存在的 x,也可以使用以下方法实现集合差异:
>>> list(filter(lambda x:x not in list1, list2))
[9,10]
编辑2:python3filter
返回一个过滤器对象,并将其封装并list
返回输出列表。
解决方案 7:
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
c = list(set(a).intersection(set(b)))
应该像梦一样工作。并且,如果可以的话,使用集合而不是列表来避免所有这些类型的更改!
解决方案 8:
您还可以使用numpy.intersect1d(ar1, ar2)
。
它返回两个数组中均存在的唯一且已排序的值。
解决方案 9:
这样,您就得到了两个列表的交集,也得到了共同的重复项。
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> a = Counter([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> b = Counter([1,3,5,6])
>>> a &= b
>>> list(a.elements())
[1, 3, 5]
解决方案 10:
如果你有一个列表列表,map
它会很方便:
>>> lists = [[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 5]]
>>> set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
{2, 3}
适用于类似的可迭代对象:
>>> lists = ['ash', 'nazg']
>>> set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
{'a'}
pop
如果列表为空,则会触发,因此您可能需要包装在一个函数中:
def intersect_lists(lists):
try:
return set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
except IndexError: # pop from empty list
return set()
解决方案 11:
这是一个例子,当您需要结果中的每个元素出现的次数应该与它在两个数组中显示的次数一样多时。
def intersection(nums1, nums2):
#example:
#nums1 = [1,2,2,1]
#nums2 = [2,2]
#output = [2,2]
#find first 2 and remove from target, continue iterating
target, iterate = [nums1, nums2] if len(nums2) >= len(nums1) else [nums2, nums1] #iterate will look into target
if len(target) == 0:
return []
i = 0
store = []
while i < len(iterate):
element = iterate[i]
if element in target:
store.append(element)
target.remove(element)
i += 1
return store
解决方案 12:
可能有点晚了,但我只是觉得我应该分享一些需要手动完成的情况(展示工作 - 哈哈)或者当你需要所有元素尽可能多地出现时,或者当你还需要它是唯一的时。
请注意,我们已经为其编写了测试。
from nose.tools import assert_equal
'''
Given two lists, print out the list of overlapping elements
'''
def overlap(l_a, l_b):
'''
compare the two lists l_a and l_b and return the overlapping
elements (intersecting) between the two
'''
#edge case is when they are the same lists
if l_a == l_b:
return [] #no overlapping elements
output = []
if len(l_a) == len(l_b):
for i in range(l_a): #same length so either one applies
if l_a[i] in l_b:
output.append(l_a[i])
#found all by now
#return output #if repetition does not matter
return list(set(output))
else:
#find the smallest and largest lists and go with that
sm = l_a if len(l_a) len(l_b) else l_b
for i in range(len(sm)):
if sm[i] in lg:
output.append(sm[i])
#return output #if repetition does not matter
return list(set(output))
## Test the Above Implementation
a = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]
b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
exp = [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
c = [4, 4, 5, 6]
d = [5, 7, 4, 8 ,6 ] #assuming it is not ordered
exp2 = [4, 5, 6]
class TestOverlap(object):
def test(self, sol):
t = sol(a, b)
assert_equal(t, exp)
print('Comparing the two lists produces')
print(t)
t = sol(c, d)
assert_equal(t, exp2)
print('Comparing the two lists produces')
print(t)
print('All Tests Passed!!')
t = TestOverlap()
t.test(overlap)
解决方案 13:
此处的大多数解决方案都不考虑列表中元素的顺序,而是将列表视为集合。另一方面,如果您想找到两个列表中包含的最长子序列之一,可以尝试以下代码。
def intersect(a, b):
if a == [] or b == []:
return []
inter_1 = intersect(a[1:], b)
if a[0] in b:
idx = b.index(a[0])
inter_2 = [a[0]] + intersect(a[1:], b[idx+1:])
if len(inter_1) <= len(inter_2):
return inter_2
return inter_1
对于a=[1,2,3]
和,b=[3,1,4,2]
这将返回[1,2]
而不是[1,2,3]
。请注意,这样的子序列并不唯一[1]
,因为[2]
、、[3]
都是a=[1,2,3]
和的解b=[3,2,1]
。
解决方案 14:
如果您所说的布尔 AND 是指同时出现在两个列表中的项目(例如交集),那么您应该查看 Python 的set
和frozenset
类型。
解决方案 15:
你也可以使用计数器!它不保留顺序,但会考虑重复项:
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b = [1,3,5,6]
>>> d1, d2 = Counter(a), Counter(b)
>>> c = [n for n in d1.keys() & d2.keys() for _ in range(min(d1[n], d2[n]))]
>>> print(c)
[1,3,5]
解决方案 16:
当我们使用元组并想要交集时
a=([1,2,3,4,5,20], [8,3,9,5,1,4,20])
for i in range(len(a)):
b=set(a[i-1]).intersection(a[i])
print(b)
{1, 3, 4, 5, 20}
解决方案 17:
将列表 b 中每个元素的出现次数存储在字典中。然后迭代列表 a,每当在字典中找到当前元素时,就将其推送到结果数组中,并将其出现次数减少一次
from collections import Counter
a = [1,2,3,4,5,3]
b = [1,3,5,6,3]
res = []
b_key = Counter(b)
for i in a:
if i in b_key and b_key[i] > 0:
res.append(i)
b_key[i] -= 1
print(res)