使用 Python 进行迭代时出现 StaleElementException

问题描述：

我正在尝试为亚马逊结果创建一个基本的网页抓取工具。当我遍历结果时，我有时会到达结果的第 5 页（有时只有第 2 页），然后StaleElementException会抛出一个异常。当我在抛出异常后查看浏览器时，我可以看到驱动程序/页面没有向下滚动到页码所在的位置（底部栏）。

我的代码：

driver.get('https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=sonicare+toothbrush')

for page in range(1,last_page_number +1):

    driver.implicitly_wait(10)

    bottom_bar = driver.find_element_by_class_name('pagnCur')
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", bottom_bar)

    current_page_number = int(driver.find_element_by_class_name('pagnCur').text)

    if page == current_page_number:
        next_page = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="pagn"]/span[@class="pagnLink"]/a[text()="{0}"]'.format(current_page_number+1))
        next_page.click()
        print('page #',page,': going to next page')
    else:
        print('page #: ', page,'error')

我看过这个问题，我猜可以应用类似的修复方法，但我不确定如何在页面上找到消失的内容。此外，根据打印语句的发生速度，我可以看到implicitly_wait(10)实际上并没有等待整整 10 秒钟。

异常指向以“driver.execute_script”开头的行。这是异常：

StaleElementReferenceException: Message: The element reference of <span class="pagnCur"> is stale; either the element is no longer attached to the DOM, it is not in the current frame context, or the document has been refreshed

有时我会收到 ValueError：

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''

因此，这些错误/异常让我相信在等待页面完全刷新时发生了一些事情。

解决方案 1：

如果您只是希望脚本遍历所有结果页面，则不需要任何复杂的逻辑 - 只需在可能的情况下单击“下一步”按钮即可：

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait as wait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get('https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=sonicare+toothbrush')

while True:
    try:
        wait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a > span#pagnNextString'))).click()
    except TimeoutException:
        break

PS 还请注意，implicitly_wait(10)不应等待整整 10 秒，而应等待最多 10 秒让元素出现在 HTML DOM 中。因此，如果在 1 或 2 秒内找到元素，则等待完成，您无需等待其余 8-9 秒...

解决方案 2：

此错误信息...

StaleElementReferenceException: Message: The element reference of <span class="pagnCur"> is stale; either the element is no longer attached to the DOM, it is not in the current frame context, or the document has been refreshed

...意味着元素的先前引用现在已经过时，并且元素引用不再存在于页面的 DOM 上。

该问题背后的常见原因是：

• 该元素在 HTML 中的位置已经改变。

• 该元素不再附加到 DOM TREE。

• 该元素所属的网页已刷新。

• 元素的先前实例已由JavaScript或AjaxCall刷新。

此用例

保留您滚动浏览scrollIntoView()并打印一些有用的调试消息的概念，我对引入WebDriverWait进行了一些细微调整，您可以使用以下解决方案：

• 代码块：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

options = Options()
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:UtilityBrowserDriverschromedriver.exe')
driver.get("https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=sonicare+toothbrush")
while True:
    try:
        current_page_number_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "span.pagnCur")))
        driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", current_page_number_element)
        current_page_number = current_page_number_element.get_attribute("innerHTML")
        WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "span.pagnNextArrow"))).click()
        print("page # {} : going to next page".format(current_page_number))
    except:
        print("page # {} : error, no more pages".format(current_page_number))
        break
driver.quit()

• 控制台输出：

page # 1 : going to next page
page # 2 : going to next page
page # 3 : going to next page
page # 4 : going to next page
page # 5 : going to next page
page # 6 : going to next page
page # 7 : going to next page
page # 8 : going to next page
page # 9 : going to next page
page # 10 : going to next page
page # 11 : going to next page
page # 12 : going to next page
page # 13 : going to next page
page # 14 : going to next page
page # 15 : going to next page
page # 16 : going to next page
page # 17 : going to next page
page # 18 : going to next page
page # 19 : going to next page
page # 20 : error, no more pages