Regular expression to match a dot [duplicate]

问题描述：

I was wondering what the best way to match "test.this" from "blah blah blah test.this@gmail.com blah blah" is? Using Python.

I've tried re.split(r"w.w@").

解决方案 1：

A . in regex is a metacharacter, it is used to match any character. To match a literal dot in a raw Python string (r"" or r''), you need to escape it, so r"."

解决方案 2：

In your regex you need to escape the dot "." or use it inside a character class "[.]", as it is a meta-character in regex, which matches any character.

Also, you need w+ instead of w to match one or more word characters.

Now, if you want the test.this content, then split is not what you need. split will split your string around the test.this. For example:

>>> re.split(r"w+.w+@", s)
['blah blah blah ', 'gmail.com blah blah']

You can use re.findall:

>>> re.findall(r'w+[.]w+(?=@)', s)   # look ahead
['test.this']
>>> re.findall(r'(w+[.]w+)@', s)     # capture group
['test.this']

解决方案 3：

"In the default mode, Dot (.) matches any character except a newline. If the DOTALL flag has been specified, this matches any character including a newline." (python Doc)

So, if you want to evaluate dot literaly, I think you should put it in square brackets:

>>> p = re.compile(r'(w+[.]w+)')
>>> resp = p.search("blah blah blah test.this@gmail.com blah blah")
>>> resp.group()
'test.this'

解决方案 4：

Here is my add-on to the main answer by @Yuushi:

Summary

These are NOT allowed.

'.'   # NOT a valid escape sequence in **regular** Python single-quoted strings
"."   # NOT a valid escape sequence in **regular** Python double-quoted strings

They'll cause a warning like this:

DeprecationWarning: invalid escape sequence .

All of these, however, ARE allowed and are equivalent:

# Use a DOUBLE BACK-SLASH in Python _regular_ strings
'\\.'  # **regular** Python single-quoted string
"\\."  # **regular** Python double-quoted string

# Use a SINGLE BACK-SLASH in Python _raw_ strings 
r'.'  # Python single-quoted **raw** string
r"."  # Python double-quoted **raw** string

Explanation

Keep in mind, the backslash (`) char itself must be escaped in Python if used inside of a regular string ('some string' or "some string") instead of a *raw* string (r'some string' or r"some string"). So, keep in mind the type of string you are using. To escape the dot or period (.) inside a regular expression in a regular python string, therefore, you must also escape the backslash by using a double backslash (\), making the total escape sequence for the . in the regular expression this: \.`, as shown in the examples above.

References

1. MAIN AND OFFICIAL REFERENCE: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-and-bytes-literals
   

2. [answer by @Sean Hammond] How to fix "<string> DeprecationWarning: invalid escape sequence" in Python?

If you want to put a literal ` in a string you have to use \`

解决方案 5：

to escape non-alphanumeric characters of string variables, including dots, you could use re.escape:

import re

expression = 'whatever.v1.dfc'
escaped_expression = re.escape(expression)
print(escaped_expression)

output:

whatever.v1.dfc

you can use the escaped expression to find/match the string literally.

解决方案 6：

So first you need to construct your regex string.
For example this one matches your need:

^.*?test.this.*?

Next you need to put it into Python code:

import re

input_string = "blah blah blah test.this@gmail.com blah blah"
regex_string = "^.*?\\btest\\b\\.\\bthis\\b.*?"
if re.search(regex_string, input_string):
    print("match :-)")
else:
    print("no match :-(")

To understand what the regex does, you can play with that on regex101.com.

解决方案 7：

This expression,

(?<=s|^)[^.s]+.[^.s]+(?=@)

might also work OK for those specific types of input strings.

Demo

Test

import re

expression = r'(?<=^|s)[^.s]+.[^.s]+(?=@)'
string = '''
blah blah blah test.this@gmail.com blah blah
blah blah blah test.this @gmail.com blah blah
blah blah blah test.this.this@gmail.com blah blah
'''

matches = re.findall(expression, string)

print(matches)

Output

['test.this']

If you wish to simplify/modify/explore the expression, it's been explained on the top right panel of regex101.com. If you'd like, you can also watch in this link, how it would match against some sample inputs.

解决方案 8：

In javascript you have to use \. to match a dot.

Example

"blah.tests.zibri.org".match('test\\..*')
null

and

"blah.test.zibri.org".match('test\\..*')
["test.zibri.org", index: 5, input: "blah.test.zibri.org", groups: undefined]