如何在 Python 中获取显示器分辨率?
- 2025-01-03 08:41:00
- admin 原创
- 124
问题描述:
获取显示器分辨率的最简单方法是什么(最好以元组形式)?
解决方案 1:
为此,我创建了一个PyPI 模块:
pip install screeninfo
代码:
from screeninfo import get_monitors
for m in get_monitors():
print(str(m))
结果:
Monitor(x=3840, y=0, width=3840, height=2160, width_mm=1420, height_mm=800, name='HDMI-0', is_primary=False)
Monitor(x=0, y=0, width=3840, height=2160, width_mm=708, height_mm=399, name='DP-0', is_primary=True)
它支持多显示器环境。其目标是跨平台;目前它支持 Cygwin 和 X11,但也非常欢迎拉取请求。
解决方案 2:
在 Windows 中,您还可以使用 ctypes GetSystemMetrics()
:
import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
screensize = user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)
这样您就不需要安装 pywin32 包;它不需要 Python 本身未附带的任何东西。
对于多显示器设置,您可以检索虚拟显示器的组合宽度和高度:
import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
screensize = user32.GetSystemMetrics(78), user32.GetSystemMetrics(79)
解决方案 3:
在 Windows 上:
from win32api import GetSystemMetrics
print("Width =", GetSystemMetrics(0))
print("Height =", GetSystemMetrics(1))
如果您使用高分辨率屏幕,请确保您的 Python 解释器是 HIGHDPIAWARE。
根据这篇文章。
解决方案 4:
直接取自对帖子如何在 Tkinter 中获取屏幕尺寸?的回答,
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
screen_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = root.winfo_screenheight()
解决方案 5:
如果您正在使用 wxWindows (已经安装了 wxPython),您可以简单地执行以下操作:
import wx
app = wx.App(False) # the wx.App object must be created first.
print(wx.GetDisplaySize()) # returns a tuple
解决方案 6:
在 Windows 8.1 上,我无法从 ctypes 或 tk 获得正确的分辨率。其他人也遇到了同样的 ctypes 问题:getsystemmetrics 返回错误的屏幕尺寸
为了在 Windows 8.1 上获得高 DPI 显示器的正确全分辨率,必须调用 SetProcessDPIAware 并使用以下代码:
import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
user32.SetProcessDPIAware()
[w, h] = [user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)]
详细信息如下:
我发现这是因为 Windows 报告的是缩放分辨率。看来 Python 默认是一个“系统 DPI 感知”应用程序。DPI 感知应用程序的类型列在此处:
Windows 上的高 DPI 桌面应用程序开发
基本上,它不会以全显示器分辨率显示内容(这会使字体变得很小),而是将内容放大,直到字体足够大。
在我的显示器上我得到:
物理分辨率:2560 x 1440(220 DPI)
报告的python分辨率:1555 x 875(158 DPI)
根据此 Windows 站点:调整比例以适应更高的 DPI 屏幕。报告的系统有效分辨率的公式为:
(报告像素*当前 dpi)/(96 dpi)= 物理像素
我能够使用以下代码获取正确的全屏分辨率和当前 DPI。请注意,我调用 SetProcessDPIAware() 以允许程序查看实际分辨率。
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
width_px = root.winfo_screenwidth()
height_px = root.winfo_screenheight()
width_mm = root.winfo_screenmmwidth()
height_mm = root.winfo_screenmmheight()
# 2.54 cm = in
width_in = width_mm / 25.4
height_in = height_mm / 25.4
width_dpi = width_px/width_in
height_dpi = height_px/height_in
print('Width: %i px, Height: %i px' % (width_px, height_px))
print('Width: %i mm, Height: %i mm' % (width_mm, height_mm))
print('Width: %f in, Height: %f in' % (width_in, height_in))
print('Width: %f dpi, Height: %f dpi' % (width_dpi, height_dpi))
import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
user32.SetProcessDPIAware()
[w, h] = [user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)]
print('Size is %f %f' % (w, h))
curr_dpi = w*96/width_px
print('Current DPI is %f' % (curr_dpi))
返回:
Width: 1555 px, Height: 875 px
Width: 411 mm, Height: 232 mm
Width: 16.181102 in, Height: 9.133858 in
Width: 96.099757 dpi, Height: 95.797414 dpi
Size is 2560.000000 1440.000000
Current DPI is 158.045016
我运行的是 Windows 8.1,配有 220 DPI 显示器。我的显示缩放将当前 DPI 设置为 158。
我将使用 158 来确保我的 Matplotlib 图具有正确的大小:
from pylab import rcParams
rcParams['figure.dpi'] = curr_dpi
解决方案 7:
为了完整性,Mac OS X
import AppKit
[(screen.frame().size.width, screen.frame().size.height)
for screen in AppKit.NSScreen.screens()]
将为您提供包含所有屏幕尺寸的元组列表(如果有多个显示器)
解决方案 8:
老问题,但缺少这个。我是 Python 新手,请告诉我这是否是一个“糟糕”的解决方案。此解决方案仅支持 Windows 和 MacOS,并且仅适用于主屏幕 - 但问题中未提及操作系统。
通过截屏来测量尺寸。由于屏幕尺寸不会改变,因此只需执行一次。如果您安装了 GTK、wx 等 GUI 工具包,则有更优雅的解决方案。
参见枕头
pip install Pillow
from PIL import ImageGrab
img = ImageGrab.grab()
print (img.size)
解决方案 9:
一种跨平台且简单的方法是使用几乎所有 Python 版本都附带的Tkinter,因此您无需安装任何东西:
import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.withdraw()
WIDTH, HEIGHT = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
解决方案 10:
扩展@user2366975的答案,使用Tkinter(Python 2/3中的代码)在多屏幕设置中获取当前屏幕尺寸:
try:
# for Python 3
import tkinter as tk
except ImportError:
# for Python 2
import Tkinter as tk
def get_curr_screen_geometry():
"""
Workaround to get the size of the current screen in a multi-screen setup.
Returns:
geometry (str): The standard Tk geometry string.
[width]x[height]+[left]+[top]
"""
root = tk.Tk()
root.update_idletasks()
root.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
root.state('iconic')
geometry = root.winfo_geometry()
root.destroy()
return geometry
(应跨平台工作,仅在 Linux 上测试)
解决方案 11:
如果您正在使用Qt工具包,特别是PySide,您可以执行以下操作:
from PySide import QtGui
import sys
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
screen_rect = app.desktop().screenGeometry()
width, height = screen_rect.width(), screen_rect.height()
解决方案 12:
使用Linux,最简单的方法是执行Bash命令
xrandr | grep '*'
并使用正则表达式解析其输出。
您也可以通过Pygame来完成:Pygame - 获取屏幕尺寸
解决方案 13:
我在我的一个项目中使用了 get_screen_resolution 方法,如下所示,它基本上是一个导入链。您可以根据需要修改它,删除不需要的部分,并将更可能的端口移到导入链的上部。
PYTHON_V3 = sys.version_info >= (3,0,0) and sys.version_info < (4,0,0):
#[...]
def get_screen_resolution(self, measurement="px"):
"""
Tries to detect the screen resolution from the system.
@param measurement: The measurement to describe the screen resolution in. Can be either 'px', 'inch' or 'mm'.
@return: (screen_width,screen_height) where screen_width and screen_height are int types according to measurement.
"""
mm_per_inch = 25.4
px_per_inch = 72.0 #most common
try: # Platforms supported by GTK3, Fx Linux/BSD
from gi.repository import Gdk
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
if measurement=="px":
width = screen.get_width()
height = screen.get_height()
elif measurement=="inch":
width = screen.get_width_mm()/mm_per_inch
height = screen.get_height_mm()/mm_per_inch
elif measurement=="mm":
width = screen.get_width_mm()
height = screen.get_height_mm()
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
return (width,height)
except:
try: #Probably the most OS independent way
if PYTHON_V3:
import tkinter
else:
import Tkinter as tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
if measurement=="px":
width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
height = root.winfo_screenheight()
elif measurement=="inch":
width = root.winfo_screenmmwidth()/mm_per_inch
height = root.winfo_screenmmheight()/mm_per_inch
elif measurement=="mm":
width = root.winfo_screenmmwidth()
height = root.winfo_screenmmheight()
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
return (width,height)
except:
try: #Windows only
from win32api import GetSystemMetrics
width_px = GetSystemMetrics (0)
height_px = GetSystemMetrics (1)
if measurement=="px":
return (width_px,height_px)
elif measurement=="inch":
return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
elif measurement=="mm":
return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
except:
try: # Windows only
import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
width_px = user32.GetSystemMetrics(0)
height_px = user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)
if measurement=="px":
return (width_px,height_px)
elif measurement=="inch":
return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
elif measurement=="mm":
return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
except:
try: # Mac OS X only
import AppKit
for screen in AppKit.NSScreen.screens():
width_px = screen.frame().size.width
height_px = screen.frame().size.height
if measurement=="px":
return (width_px,height_px)
elif measurement=="inch":
return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
elif measurement=="mm":
return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
except:
try: # Linux/Unix
import Xlib.display
resolution = Xlib.display.Display().screen().root.get_geometry()
width_px = resolution.width
height_px = resolution.height
if measurement=="px":
return (width_px,height_px)
elif measurement=="inch":
return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
elif measurement=="mm":
return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
except:
try: # Linux/Unix
if not self.is_in_path("xrandr"):
raise ImportError("Cannot read the output of xrandr, if any.")
else:
args = ["xrandr", "-q", "-d", ":0"]
proc = subprocess.Popen(args,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
for line in iter(proc.stdout.readline,''):
if isinstance(line, bytes):
line = line.decode("utf-8")
if "Screen" in line:
width_px = int(line.split()[7])
height_px = int(line.split()[9][:-1])
if measurement=="px":
return (width_px,height_px)
elif measurement=="inch":
return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
elif measurement=="mm":
return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
except:
# Failover
screensize = 1366, 768
sys.stderr.write("WARNING: Failed to detect screen size. Falling back to %sx%s" % screensize)
if measurement=="px":
return screensize
elif measurement=="inch":
return (screensize[0]/px_per_inch,screensize[1]/px_per_inch)
elif measurement=="mm":
return (screensize[0]/mm_per_inch,screensize[1]/mm_per_inch)
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
解决方案 14:
这是一个简单的小型 Python 程序,它将显示有关多显示器设置的信息:
import gtk
window = gtk.Window()
# the screen contains all monitors
screen = window.get_screen()
print "screen size: %d x %d" % (gtk.gdk.screen_width(),gtk.gdk.screen_height())
# collect data about each monitor
monitors = []
nmons = screen.get_n_monitors()
print "there are %d monitors" % nmons
for m in range(nmons):
mg = screen.get_monitor_geometry(m)
print "monitor %d: %d x %d" % (m,mg.width,mg.height)
monitors.append(mg)
# current monitor
curmon = screen.get_monitor_at_window(screen.get_active_window())
x, y, width, height = monitors[curmon]
print "monitor %d: %d x %d (current)" % (curmon,width,height)
以下是其输出的示例:
screen size: 5120 x 1200
there are 3 monitors
monitor 0: 1600 x 1200
monitor 1: 1920 x 1200
monitor 2: 1600 x 1200
monitor 1: 1920 x 1200 (current)
解决方案 15:
X Window版本:
#!/usr/bin/python
import Xlib
import Xlib.display
resolution = Xlib.display.Display().screen().root.get_geometry()
print str(resolution.width) + "x" + str(resolution.height)
解决方案 16:
尝试 pyautogui:
import pyautogui
resolution = pyautogui.size()
print(resolution)
解决方案 17:
如果您安装了 PyQt4,请尝试以下代码:
from PyQt4 import QtGui
import sys
MyApp = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
V = MyApp.desktop().screenGeometry()
h = V.height()
w = V.width()
print("The screen resolution (width X height) is the following:")
print(str(w) + "X" + str(h))
对于 PyQt5,以下内容将起作用:
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
import sys
MyApp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
V = MyApp.desktop().screenGeometry()
h = V.height()
w = V.width()
print("The screen resolution (width X height) is the following:")
print(str(w) + "X" + str(h))
解决方案 18:
在 Linux 上:
import subprocess
import re
def getScreenDimensions():
xrandrOutput = str(subprocess.Popen(['xrandr'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0])
matchObj = re.findall(r'currents(d+) x (d+)', xrandrOutput)
if matchObj:
return (int(matchObj[0][0]), int(matchObj[0][1]))
screenWidth, screenHeight = getScreenDimensions()
print(f'{screenWidth} x {screenHeight}')
解决方案 19:
很多答案都使用 tkinter 来查找屏幕高度/宽度(分辨率),但有时需要知道屏幕的跨平台兼容dpi 。这个答案来自此链接,并作为另一篇文章的评论留下,但我花了几个小时才找到。我还没有遇到任何问题,但如果它在您的系统上不起作用,请告诉我!
import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
dpi = root.winfo_fpixels('1i')
对此的文档说明:
winfo_fpixels(number)
# Return the number of pixels for the given distance NUMBER (e.g. "3c") as float
距离数字是数字后跟单位,因此 3c 表示 3 厘米,该函数给出屏幕上 3 厘米处的像素数(如此处所示)。因此,要获取 dpi,我们要求该函数提供 1 英寸屏幕上的像素数(“1i”)。
解决方案 20:
如果你使用的是 Windows 操作系统,则可以使用 OS 模块来获取它:
import os
cmd = 'wmic desktopmonitor get screenheight, screenwidth'
size_tuple = tuple(map(int,os.popen(cmd).read().split()[-2::]))
它将返回一个元组(Y,X),其中Y是垂直尺寸,X是水平尺寸。此代码适用于 Python 2 和 Python 3
更新
对于 Windows 8/8.1/10,上述答案不起作用,请改用下一个:
import os
cmd = "wmic path Win32_VideoController get CurrentVerticalResolution,CurrentHorizontalResolution"
size_tuple = tuple(map(int,os.popen(cmd).read().split()[-2::]))
解决方案 21:
迟到了。我想我找到了支持多台显示器的跨平台无依赖库mss
(https://pypi.org/project/mss/):
import mss
sct=mss.mss()
sct.monitors
然后你会得到类似这样的结果:
[{'left': -1440, 'top': 0, 'width': 4000, 'height': 1080},
{'left': 0, 'top': 0, 'width': 2560, 'height': 1080},
{'left': -1440, 'top': 180, 'width': 1440, 'height': 900}]
元素 0 是所有显示器组合而成的虚拟屏幕。元素 1 是主显示器,元素 2 是次要显示器。
解决方案 22:
使用pygame:
import pygame
pygame.init()
infos = pygame.display.Info()
screen_size = (infos.current_w, infos.current_h)
[1]
但是,如果您想将窗口设置为屏幕大小,您可能只想执行以下操作:
pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
将显示器设置为全屏模式。[2]
解决方案 23:
使用 Linux
不要使用正则表达式,而是取第一行并取出当前分辨率值。
当前显示分辨率:0
>>> screen = os.popen("xrandr -q -d :0").readlines()[0]
>>> print screen
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 1920 x 1920
>>> width = screen.split()[7]
>>> print width
1920
>>> height = screen.split()[9][:-1]
>>> print height
1080
>>> print "Current resolution is %s x %s" % (width,height)
Current resolution is 1920 x 1080
这是在 xrandr 1.3.5 上完成的,我不知道其他版本的输出是否不同,但这应该可以很容易地弄清楚。
解决方案 24:
要获取每像素的位数:
import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
gdi32 = ctypes.windll.gdi32
screensize = (user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), user32.GetSystemMetrics(1))
print "screensize =%s"%(str(screensize))
dc = user32.GetDC(None);
screensize = (gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,8), gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,10), gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,12))
print "screensize =%s"%(str(screensize))
screensize = (gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,118), gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,117), gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,12))
print "screensize =%s"%(str(screensize))
gdi32中的参数:
#/// Vertical height of entire desktop in pixels
#DESKTOPVERTRES = 117,
#/// Horizontal width of entire desktop in pixels
#DESKTOPHORZRES = 118,
#/// Horizontal width in pixels
#HORZRES = 8,
#/// Vertical height in pixels
#VERTRES = 10,
#/// Number of bits per pixel
#BITSPIXEL = 12,
解决方案 25:
另一个版本使用xrandr
:
import re
from subprocess import run, PIPE
output = run(['xrandr'], stdout=PIPE).stdout.decode()
result = re.search(r'current (d+) x (d+)', output)
width, height = map(int, result.groups()) if result else (800, 600)
解决方案 26:
您可以使用PyMouse。要获取屏幕尺寸,只需使用以下screen_size()
属性:
from pymouse import PyMouse
m = PyMouse()
a = m.screen_size()
a
将返回一个元组,,(X, Y)
其中X
是水平位置,Y
是垂直位置。
链接到文档中的功能。
解决方案 27:
对于视网膜屏幕来说有点麻烦,我使用 tkinter 来获取虚假尺寸,使用 pilllow grab 来获取真实尺寸:
import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
resolution_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
resolution_height = root.winfo_screenheight()
image = ImageGrab.grab()
real_width, real_height = image.width, image.height
ratio_width = real_width / resolution_width
ratio_height = real_height/ resolution_height
解决方案 28:
对于 PyGtk 的更高版本:
import gi
gi.require_version("Gdk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gdk
display = Gdk.Display.get_default()
n_monitors = display.get_n_monitors()
print("there are %d monitors" % n_monitors)
for m in range(n_monitors):
monitor = display.get_monitor(m)
geometry = monitor.get_geometry()
print("monitor %d: %d x %d" % (m, geometry.width, geometry.height))
解决方案 29:
对于 Linux,你可以使用以下命令:
import gi
gi.require_version("Gdk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gdk
s = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
screen_width = s.get_width()
screen_height = s.get_height()
print(screen_width)
print(screen_height)
解决方案 30:
在 Linux 上我们可以使用子进程模块
import subprocess
cmd = ['xrandr']
cmd2 = ['grep', '*']
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p2 = subprocess.Popen(cmd2, stdin=p.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p.stdout.close()
resolution_string, junk = p2.communicate()
resolution = resolution_string.split()[0]
resolution = resolution.decode("utf-8")
width = int(resolution.split("x")[0].strip())
heigth = int(resolution.split("x")[1].strip())