获取两个二维 numpy 数组的相交行
- 2025-02-13 08:36:00
- admin 原创
- 43
问题描述:
我想获取两个 2D numpy 数组中相交(公共)的行。例如,如果将以下数组作为输入传递:
array([[1, 4],
[2, 5],
[3, 6]])
array([[1, 4],
[3, 6],
[7, 8]])
输出应为:
array([[1, 4],
[3, 6])
我知道如何使用循环来实现这一点。我正在寻找一种 Pythonic/Numpy 方法来做到这一点。
解决方案 1:
对于短数组,使用集合可能是最清晰、最易读的方法。
另一种方法是使用numpy.intersect1d
。不过,你必须诱使它将行视为单个值……这会让事情变得不太可读……
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[1,4],[2,5],[3,6]])
B = np.array([[1,4],[3,6],[7,8]])
nrows, ncols = A.shape
dtype={'names':['f{}'.format(i) for i in range(ncols)],
'formats':ncols * [A.dtype]}
C = np.intersect1d(A.view(dtype), B.view(dtype))
# This last bit is optional if you're okay with "C" being a structured array...
C = C.view(A.dtype).reshape(-1, ncols)
对于大型数组,这应该比使用集合快得多。
解决方案 2:
你可以使用 Python 的集合:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> A = np.array([[1,4],[2,5],[3,6]])
>>> B = np.array([[1,4],[3,6],[7,8]])
>>> aset = set([tuple(x) for x in A])
>>> bset = set([tuple(x) for x in B])
>>> np.array([x for x in aset & bset])
array([[1, 4],
[3, 6]])
正如 Rob Cowie 指出的那样,这可以更简洁地完成,因为
np.array([x for x in set(tuple(x) for x in A) & set(tuple(x) for x in B)])
可能有一种方法可以做到这一点,而不需要从数组到元组的来回切换,但我现在还没想起来。
解决方案 3:
我不明白为什么没有建议使用纯 numpy 方法来做到这一点。所以我找到了一个使用 numpy 广播的方法。基本思想是通过轴交换将其中一个数组转换为 3d。让我们构造 2 个数组:
a=np.random.randint(10, size=(5, 3))
b=np.zeros_like(a)
b[:4,:]=a[np.random.randint(a.shape[0], size=4), :]
我跑了一下,结果显示:
a=array([[5, 6, 3],
[8, 1, 0],
[2, 1, 4],
[8, 0, 6],
[6, 7, 6]])
b=array([[2, 1, 4],
[2, 1, 4],
[6, 7, 6],
[5, 6, 3],
[0, 0, 0]])
步骤如下(数组可以互换):
#a is nxm and b is kxm
c = np.swapaxes(a[:,:,None],1,2)==b #transform a to nx1xm
# c has nxkxm dimensions due to comparison broadcast
# each nxixj slice holds comparison matrix between a[j,:] and b[i,:]
# Decrease dimension to nxk with product:
c = np.prod(c,axis=2)
#To get around duplicates://
# Calculate cumulative sum in k-th dimension
c= c*np.cumsum(c,axis=0)
# compare with 1, so that to get only one 'True' statement by row
c=c==1
#//
# sum in k-th dimension, so that a nx1 vector is produced
c=np.sum(c,axis=1).astype(bool)
# The intersection between a and b is a[c]
result=a[c]
在一个有两行代码的函数中,用于减少内存使用量(如果有错请纠正我):
def array_row_intersection(a,b):
tmp=np.prod(np.swapaxes(a[:,:,None],1,2)==b,axis=2)
return a[np.sum(np.cumsum(tmp,axis=0)*tmp==1,axis=1).astype(bool)]
这给出了我的示例的结果:
result=array([[5, 6, 3],
[2, 1, 4],
[6, 7, 6]])
这比集合解决方案更快,因为它只使用简单的 numpy 操作,同时不断减少维度,非常适合两个大矩阵。我想我的评论可能犯了错误,因为我是通过实验和直觉得到答案的。可以通过转置数组或稍微改变步骤来找到列交集的等价物。此外,如果需要重复项,则必须跳过“//”内的步骤。可以编辑该函数以仅返回索引的布尔数组,这对我来说很方便,同时尝试使用相同的向量获取不同的数组索引。投票答案和我的答案的基准(每个维度中的元素数量对选择什么有影响):
代码:
def voted_answer(A,B):
nrows, ncols = A.shape
dtype={'names':['f{}'.format(i) for i in range(ncols)],
'formats':ncols * [A.dtype]}
C = np.intersect1d(A.view(dtype), B.view(dtype))
return C.view(A.dtype).reshape(-1, ncols)
a_small=np.random.randint(10, size=(10, 10))
b_small=np.zeros_like(a_small)
b_small=a_small[np.random.randint(a_small.shape[0],size=[a_small.shape[0]]),:]
a_big_row=np.random.randint(10, size=(10, 1000))
b_big_row=a_big_row[np.random.randint(a_big_row.shape[0],size=[a_big_row.shape[0]]),:]
a_big_col=np.random.randint(10, size=(1000, 10))
b_big_col=a_big_col[np.random.randint(a_big_col.shape[0],size=[a_big_col.shape[0]]),:]
a_big_all=np.random.randint(10, size=(100,100))
b_big_all=a_big_all[np.random.randint(a_big_all.shape[0],size=[a_big_all.shape[0]]),:]
print 'Small arrays:'
print ' Voted answer:',timeit.timeit(lambda:voted_answer(a_small,b_small),number=100)/100
print ' Proposed answer:',timeit.timeit(lambda:array_row_intersection(a_small,b_small),number=100)/100
print 'Big column arrays:'
print ' Voted answer:',timeit.timeit(lambda:voted_answer(a_big_col,b_big_col),number=100)/100
print ' Proposed answer:',timeit.timeit(lambda:array_row_intersection(a_big_col,b_big_col),number=100)/100
print 'Big row arrays:'
print ' Voted answer:',timeit.timeit(lambda:voted_answer(a_big_row,b_big_row),number=100)/100
print ' Proposed answer:',timeit.timeit(lambda:array_row_intersection(a_big_row,b_big_row),number=100)/100
print 'Big arrays:'
print ' Voted answer:',timeit.timeit(lambda:voted_answer(a_big_all,b_big_all),number=100)/100
print ' Proposed answer:',timeit.timeit(lambda:array_row_intersection(a_big_all,b_big_all),number=100)/100
结果:
Small arrays:
Voted answer: 7.47108459473e-05
Proposed answer: 2.47001647949e-05
Big column arrays:
Voted answer: 0.00198730945587
Proposed answer: 0.0560171294212
Big row arrays:
Voted answer: 0.00500325918198
Proposed answer: 0.000308241844177
Big arrays:
Voted answer: 0.000864889621735
Proposed answer: 0.00257176160812
下面的结论是,如果您必须比较 2 个大的 2d 点数组,则使用投票答案。如果您在所有维度上都有大矩阵,投票答案无疑是最好的答案。所以,这取决于您每次选择什么。
解决方案 4:
Numpy broadcasting
我们可以使用广播创建一个布尔掩码,然后可以使用它来过滤数组A
中也存在的行B
A = np.array([[1,4],[2,5],[3,6]])
B = np.array([[1,4],[3,6],[7,8]])
m = (A[:, None] == B).all(-1).any(1)
>>> A[m]
array([[1, 4],
[3, 6]])
解决方案 5:
实现此目的的另一种方法是使用结构化数组:
>>> a = np.array([[3, 1, 2], [5, 8, 9], [7, 4, 3]])
>>> b = np.array([[2, 3, 0], [3, 1, 2], [7, 4, 3]])
>>> av = a.view([('', a.dtype)] * a.shape[1]).ravel()
>>> bv = b.view([('', b.dtype)] * b.shape[1]).ravel()
>>> np.intersect1d(av, bv).view(a.dtype).reshape(-1, a.shape[1])
array([[3, 1, 2],
[7, 4, 3]])
为了清楚起见,结构化视图如下所示:
>>> a.view([('', a.dtype)] * a.shape[1])
array([[(3, 1, 2)],
[(5, 8, 9)],
[(7, 4, 3)]],
dtype=[('f0', '<i8'), ('f1', '<i8'), ('f2', '<i8')])
解决方案 6:
np.array(set(map(tuple, b)).difference(set(map(tuple, a))))
这也可以
解决方案 7:
A = np.array([[1,4],[2,5],[3,6]])
B = np.array([[1,4],[3,6],[7,8]])
def matching_rows(A,B):
matches=[i for i in range(B.shape[0]) if np.any(np.all(A==B[i],axis=1))]
if len(matches)==0:
return B[matches]
return np.unique(B[matches],axis=0)
>>> matching_rows(A,B)
array([[1, 4],
[3, 6]])
当然,这假设各行的长度都相同。
解决方案 8:
无需索引
访问https://gist.github.com/RashidLadj/971c7235ce796836853fcf55b4876f3c
def intersect2D(Array_A, Array_B):
"""
Find row intersection between 2D numpy arrays, a and b.
"""
# ''' Using Tuple ''' #
intersectionList = list(set([tuple(x) for x in Array_A for y in Array_B if(tuple(x) == tuple(y))]))
print ("intersectionList =
",intersectionList)
# ''' Using Numpy function "array_equal" ''' #
""" This method is valid for an ndarray """
intersectionList = list(set([tuple(x) for x in Array_A for y in Array_B if(np.array_equal(x, y))]))
print ("intersectionList =
",intersectionList)
# ''' Using set and bitwise and '''
intersectionList = [list(y) for y in (set([tuple(x) for x in Array_A]) & set([tuple(x) for x in Array_B]))]
print ("intersectionList =
",intersectionList)
return intersectionList
使用索引
访问https://gist.github.com/RashidLadj/bac71f3d3380064de2f9abe0ae43c19e
def intersect2D(Array_A, Array_B):
"""
Find row intersection between 2D numpy arrays, a and b.
Returns another numpy array with shared rows and index of items in A & B arrays
"""
# [[IDX], [IDY], [value]] where Equal
# ''' Using Tuple ''' #
IndexEqual = np.asarray([(i, j, x) for i,x in enumerate(Array_A) for j, y in enumerate (Array_B) if(tuple(x) == tuple(y))]).T
# ''' Using Numpy array_equal ''' #
IndexEqual = np.asarray([(i, j, x) for i,x in enumerate(Array_A) for j, y in enumerate (Array_B) if(np.array_equal(x, y))]).T
idx, idy, intersectionList = (IndexEqual[0], IndexEqual[1], IndexEqual[2]) if len(IndexEqual) != 0 else ([], [], [])
return intersectionList, idx, idy
解决方案 9:
当数组非常大时,上述所有方法都很慢。我找到了一种使用 numpy 的方法。由于 numpy 仅为 1D 数组提供np.in1d ,我们可以使用轴 1 中的康托配对将 2D 数组编码为 1D 数组。然后就可以使用 numpy 的函数了。
def cantor_pairing(a, b):
return (a + b) * (a + b + 1) / 2 + a
def intersecting_indices(a, b):
pair_a = cantor_pairing(cantor_pairing(a[:,0], a[:, 1]), a[:, 2])
pair_b = cantor_pairing(cantor_pairing(b[:,0], b[:, 1]), b[:, 2])
boolean_array = np.in1d(pair_a, pair_b)
intersected_indices = np.where(bool_array==True)[0]
return intersected_indices
对于非常大的数组,这是最快的方法。需要记住的一件重要事情是,康托配对只能对非负整数进行。因此,如果数组中有负整数,请在使用之前将它们全部变为正数(通过添加最小值)。
解决方案 10:
import numpy as np
A=np.array([[1, 4],
[2, 5],
[3, 6]])
B=np.array([[1, 4],
[3, 6],
[7, 8]])
intersetingRows=[(B==irow).all(axis=1).any() for irow in A]
print(A[intersetingRows])
解决方案 11:
您可以使用 numpy.intersect 函数以及设置为 0 的 axis 参数来实现此目的,以查找两个 2D numpy 数组之间的公共行。以下是示例:
import numpy as np
# Define the input arrays
array1 = np.array([[1, 4],
[2, 5],
[3, 6]])
array2 = np.array([[1, 4],
[3, 6],
[7, 8]])
# Find the intersecting rows
result = np.intersect1d(array1, array2, assume_unique=True)
# Reshape the result back into 2D array
result = result.reshape(-1, array1.shape[1])
print(result)
输出:
[[1 4]
[3 6]]
本例中使用np.intersect1d来找出array1和array2共同的元素。在已知输入数组唯一的情况下,使用assume_unique=True来进行性能优化。
然后,将结果重塑为二维数组以获得最终输出。
这种方法提供了一种更符合 Pythonic/Numpy 的方式来查找两个 2D numpy 数组之间的相交行,而无需使用显式循环。