通过Linux套接字发送文件描述符

2024-10-14 08:40:00
admin
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摘要:问题描述:我正在尝试通过 Linux 套接字发送一些文件描述符,但不起作用。我做错了什么?应该如何调试这样的事情?我尝试将 perror() 放在所有可能的地方,但他们声称一切正常。以下是我写的:#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>...

问题描述:

我正在尝试通过 Linux 套接字发送一些文件描述符,但不起作用。我做错了什么?应该如何调试这样的事情?我尝试将 perror() 放在所有可能的地方,但他们声称一切正常。以下是我写的:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

void wyslij(int socket, int fd)  // send fd by socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = {0};

    char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof fd)];

    msg.msg_control = buf;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof buf;

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof fd);

    *((int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg)) = fd;

    msg.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;  // why does example from man need it? isn't it redundant?

    sendmsg(socket, &msg, 0);
}


int odbierz(int socket)  // receive fd from socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = {0};
    recvmsg(socket, &msg, 0);

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);

    unsigned char * data = CMSG_DATA(cmsg);

    int fd = *((int*) data);  // here program stops, probably with segfault

    return fd;
}


int main()
{
    int sv[2];
    socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sv);

    int pid = fork();
    if (pid > 0)  // in parent
    {
        close(sv[1]);
        int sock = sv[0];

        int fd = open("./z7.c", O_RDONLY);

        wyslij(sock, fd);

        close(fd);
    }
    else  // in child
    {
        close(sv[0]);
        int sock = sv[1];

        sleep(0.5);
        int fd = odbierz(sock);
    }

}

解决方案 1:

Stevens (et al) UNIX® 网络编程,第 1 卷:套接字网络 API在第 15 章Unix 域协议(特别是 §15.7传递描述符)中描述了在进程之间传输文件描述符的过程。完整描述起来很麻烦,但必须在 Unix 域套接字(AF_UNIX或)上完成AF_LOCAL,发送方进程使用,sendmsg()而接收方使用recvmsg()

我从问题中获得了这个经过轻微修改(和检测)的代码版本,可以在带有 GCC 4.9.1 的 Mac OS X 10.10.1 Yosemite 上工作:

#include "stderr.h"
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

static
void wyslij(int socket, int fd)  // send fd by socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = { 0 };
    char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd))];
    memset(buf, '', sizeof(buf));
    struct iovec io = { .iov_base = "ABC", .iov_len = 3 };

    msg.msg_iov = &io;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
    msg.msg_control = buf;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(buf);

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(fd));

    *((int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg)) = fd;

    msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd));

    if (sendmsg(socket, &msg, 0) < 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to send message
");
}

static
int odbierz(int socket)  // receive fd from socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = {0};

    char m_buffer[256];
    struct iovec io = { .iov_base = m_buffer, .iov_len = sizeof(m_buffer) };
    msg.msg_iov = &io;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

    char c_buffer[256];
    msg.msg_control = c_buffer;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(c_buffer);

    if (recvmsg(socket, &msg, 0) < 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to receive message
");

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);

    unsigned char * data = CMSG_DATA(cmsg);

    err_remark("About to extract fd
");
    int fd = *((int*) data);
    err_remark("Extracted fd %d
", fd);

    return fd;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename = "./z7.c";

    err_setarg0(argv[0]);
    err_setlogopts(ERR_PID);
    if (argc > 1)
        filename = argv[1];
    int sv[2];
    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sv) != 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to create Unix-domain socket pair
");

    int pid = fork();
    if (pid > 0)  // in parent
    {
        err_remark("Parent at work
");
        close(sv[1]);
        int sock = sv[0];

        int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0)
            err_syserr("Failed to open file %s for reading
", filename);

        wyslij(sock, fd);

        close(fd);
        nanosleep(&(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 1, .tv_nsec = 500000000}, 0);
        err_remark("Parent exits
");
    }
    else  // in child
    {
        err_remark("Child at play
");
        close(sv[0]);
        int sock = sv[1];

        nanosleep(&(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 500000000}, 0);

        int fd = odbierz(sock);
        printf("Read %d!
", fd);
        char buffer[256];
        ssize_t nbytes;
        while ((nbytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) > 0)
            write(1, buffer, nbytes);
        printf("Done!
");
        close(fd);
    }
    return 0;
}

原始代码经过检测但未修复的版本的输出为:

$ ./fd-passing
fd-passing: pid=1391: Parent at work
fd-passing: pid=1391: Failed to send message
error (40) Message too long
fd-passing: pid=1392: Child at play
$ fd-passing: pid=1392: Failed to receive message
error (40) Message too long

请注意,父进程在子进程之前完成,因此提示出现在输出的中间。

“修复”代码的输出是:

$ ./fd-passing
fd-passing: pid=1046: Parent at work
fd-passing: pid=1048: Child at play
fd-passing: pid=1048: About to extract fd
fd-passing: pid=1048: Extracted fd 3
Read 3!
This is the file z7.c.
It isn't very interesting.
It isn't even C code.
But it is used by the fd-passing program to demonstrate that file
descriptors can indeed be passed between sockets on occasion.
Done!
fd-passing: pid=1046: Parent exits
$

主要的重要变化是将 添加到两个函数struct iovec中的 中的数据中struct msghdr,并在接收函数 ( odbierz()) 中为控制消息提供空间。我报告了调试中的一个中间步骤,其中我struct iovec向父级提供了 ,父级的“消息太长”错误被删除。为了证明它正在工作(传递了一个文件描述符),我添加了代码来从传递的文件描述符中读取和打印文件。原始代码有 ,sleep(0.5)但由于sleep()采用无符号整数,这相当于不休眠。我使用 C99 复合文字让子级休眠 0.5 秒。父级休眠 1.5 秒,以便在父级退出之前子级的输出完成。我也可以使用wait()waitpid(),但我太懒了,没有这样做。

我没有回去检查是否所有的添加都是必要的。

"stderr.h"头声明了err_*()函数。这是我编写的代码(1987 年之前的第一个版本),用于简洁地报告错误。调用err_setlogopts(ERR_PID)会为所有消息加上 PID 前缀。对于时间戳,也err_setlogopts(ERR_PID|ERR_STAMP)可以完成这项工作。

对齐问题

Nominal Animal在评论中建议:

我可以建议您修改代码以int使用复制描述符memcpy()而不是直接访问数据吗?它不一定正确对齐 — — 这也是手册页示例也使用的原因memcpy()— — 并且在许多 Linux 架构中,未对齐的int访问会导致问题(直到 SIGBUS 信号终止进程)。

不仅仅是 Linux 架构:SPARC 和 Power 都需要对齐数据,并且通常分别运行 Solaris 和 AIX。DEC Alpha 曾经也需要这样做,但现在它们在现场很少见。

cmsg(3)手册页中与此相关的代码是:

struct msghdr msg = {0};
struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
int myfds[NUM_FD]; /* Contains the file descriptors to pass. */
char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof myfds)];  /* ancillary data buffer */
int *fdptr;

msg.msg_control = buf;
msg.msg_controllen = sizeof buf;
cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int) * NUM_FD);
/* Initialize the payload: */
fdptr = (int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
memcpy(fdptr, myfds, NUM_FD * sizeof(int));
/* Sum of the length of all control messages in the buffer: */
msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * NUM_FD);

分配给fdptr似乎假设CMSG_DATA(cmsg)已经足够好地对齐以转换为int *并且memcpy()使用是基于假设NUM_FD不仅仅是 1。话虽如此,它应该指向数组buf,并且可能没有像 Nominal Animal 建议的那样足够好地对齐,所以在我看来fdptr只是一个闯入者,如果使用的示例会更好:

memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), myfds, NUM_FD * sizeof(int));

然后接收端的反向过程将是合适的。此程序仅传递单个文件描述符,因此代码可修改为:

memmove(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(fd));  // Send
memmove(&fd, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(fd));  // Receive

我似乎还记得各种操作系统上关于辅助数据没有正常有效载荷数据的历史问题,通过发送至少一个虚拟字节来避免,但我找不到任何参考资料来验证,所以我可能记错了。

鉴于 Mac OS X(具有 Darwin/BSD 基础)至少需要一个struct iovec,即使它描述了零长度消息,我愿意相信上面显示的代码(其中包含 3 字节消息)是朝着正确方向迈出的良好一步。消息可能应该是一个空字节,而不是 3 个字母。

我修改了代码,如下所示。它用于memmove()将文件描述符复制到缓冲区和从cmsg缓冲区复制文件描述符。它传输单个消息字节,即空字节。

它还让父进程读取(最多)32 个字节的文件,然后再将文件描述符传递给子进程。子进程会从父进程停止的地方继续读取。这表明传输的文件描述符包括文件偏移量。

接收方cmsg在将其视为文件描述符传递消息之前,应该对其进行更多验证。

#include "stderr.h"
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

static
void wyslij(int socket, int fd)  // send fd by socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = { 0 };
    char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd))];
    memset(buf, '', sizeof(buf));

    /* On Mac OS X, the struct iovec is needed, even if it points to minimal data */
    struct iovec io = { .iov_base = "", .iov_len = 1 };

    msg.msg_iov = &io;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
    msg.msg_control = buf;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(buf);

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(fd));

    memmove(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(fd));

    msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd));

    if (sendmsg(socket, &msg, 0) < 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to send message
");
}

static
int odbierz(int socket)  // receive fd from socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = {0};

    /* On Mac OS X, the struct iovec is needed, even if it points to minimal data */
    char m_buffer[1];
    struct iovec io = { .iov_base = m_buffer, .iov_len = sizeof(m_buffer) };
    msg.msg_iov = &io;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

    char c_buffer[256];
    msg.msg_control = c_buffer;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(c_buffer);

    if (recvmsg(socket, &msg, 0) < 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to receive message
");

    struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);

    err_remark("About to extract fd
");
    int fd;
    memmove(&fd, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(fd));
    err_remark("Extracted fd %d
", fd);

    return fd;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename = "./z7.c";

    err_setarg0(argv[0]);
    err_setlogopts(ERR_PID);
    if (argc > 1)
        filename = argv[1];
    int sv[2];
    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sv) != 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to create Unix-domain socket pair
");

    int pid = fork();
    if (pid > 0)  // in parent
    {
        err_remark("Parent at work
");
        close(sv[1]);
        int sock = sv[0];

        int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0)
            err_syserr("Failed to open file %s for reading
", filename);

        /* Read some data to demonstrate that file offset is passed */
        char buffer[32];
        int nbytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
        if (nbytes > 0)
            err_remark("Parent read: [[%.*s]]
", nbytes, buffer);

        wyslij(sock, fd);

        close(fd);
        nanosleep(&(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 1, .tv_nsec = 500000000}, 0);
        err_remark("Parent exits
");
    }
    else  // in child
    {
        err_remark("Child at play
");
        close(sv[0]);
        int sock = sv[1];

        nanosleep(&(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 500000000}, 0);

        int fd = odbierz(sock);
        printf("Read %d!
", fd);
        char buffer[256];
        ssize_t nbytes;
        while ((nbytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) > 0)
            write(1, buffer, nbytes);
        printf("Done!
");
        close(fd);
    }
    return 0;
}

示例运行如下:

$ ./fd-passing
fd-passing: pid=8000: Parent at work
fd-passing: pid=8000: Parent read: [[This is the file z7.c.
It isn't ]]
fd-passing: pid=8001: Child at play
fd-passing: pid=8001: About to extract fd
fd-passing: pid=8001: Extracted fd 3
Read 3!
very interesting.
It isn't even C code.
But it is used by the fd-passing program to demonstrate that file
descriptors can indeed be passed between sockets on occasion.
And, with the fully working code, it does indeed seem to work.
Extended testing would have the parent code read part of the file, and
then demonstrate that the child codecontinues where the parent left off.
That has not been coded, though.
Done!
fd-passing: pid=8000: Parent exits
$
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